Evaluación de la vulnerabilidad frente al peligro sísmico en la ciudad de Concepción, Región del Biobío.
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Date
2025
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Chile es uno de los países con mayor actividad sísmica a nivel mundial. A pesar de la abundante producción científica en torno a sismos, persiste una notoria escasez de estudios centrados en la vulnerabilidad, elemento clave para la gestión del riesgo. Concepción ha sido históricamente afectada por sismos de gran magnitud, enfrenta además un sostenido crecimiento urbano y poblacional, lo que incrementa su exposición ante desastres. Por ende, esta investigación tiene como objetivo principal evaluar la vulnerabilidad por exposición de infraestructuras (VEI), población y viviendas (VEP) frente a sismos de la ciudad de Concepción, región del Biobío, mediante la metodología propuesta por Vera y Albarracín (2017) y, por último, determinar niveles de riesgo asociados. Para ello, se utilizó el mapa de microzonificación sísmica de Vivallos et al. (2010), reclasificado según el tipo de suelo, periodos predominantes y daños causados por el terremoto de Maule 2010 para determinar los niveles de peligro. La vulnerabilidad se evaluó con geodatos abiertos de IDE Chile e INE correspondientes a infraestructuras y distritos censales respectivamente. Al evaluar la vulnerabilidad, los resultados demuestran que el área de estudio posee una vulnerabilidad por exposición media (ponderación de 2,5). Además, 14 distritos presentan un riesgo alto, concentrando aproximadamente un 36 % de la población y un 37 % de las viviendas estimadas.
Chile is one of the countries with the highest seismic activity worldwide. Despite the abundant scientific production on earthquakes, there is a notable lack of studies focused on vulnerability, a key element for risk management. Concepción has historically been affected by large-magnitude earthquakes and is also facing sustained urban and population growth, which increases its exposure to disasters. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to evaluate the vulnerability of infrastructure exposure (VEI), population and housing (VEP) to earthquakes in the city of Concepción, Biobío region, using the methodology proposed by Vera and Albarracín (2017). Finally, to determine associated risk levels. To this end, the seismic microzonation map of Vivallos et al. (2010) was used, reclassified according to soil type, predominant periods, and damage caused by the 2010 Maule earthquake to determine hazard levels. Vulnerability was assessed using open geodata from IDE Chile and INE, corresponding to infrastructure and census districts, respectively. When assessing vulnerability, the results show that the study area has a medium exposure vulnerability (weighted at 2.5). Furthermore, 14 districts present a high risk, concentrating approximately 36% of the population and 37% of the estimated housing units.
Chile is one of the countries with the highest seismic activity worldwide. Despite the abundant scientific production on earthquakes, there is a notable lack of studies focused on vulnerability, a key element for risk management. Concepción has historically been affected by large-magnitude earthquakes and is also facing sustained urban and population growth, which increases its exposure to disasters. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to evaluate the vulnerability of infrastructure exposure (VEI), population and housing (VEP) to earthquakes in the city of Concepción, Biobío region, using the methodology proposed by Vera and Albarracín (2017). Finally, to determine associated risk levels. To this end, the seismic microzonation map of Vivallos et al. (2010) was used, reclassified according to soil type, predominant periods, and damage caused by the 2010 Maule earthquake to determine hazard levels. Vulnerability was assessed using open geodata from IDE Chile and INE, corresponding to infrastructure and census districts, respectively. When assessing vulnerability, the results show that the study area has a medium exposure vulnerability (weighted at 2.5). Furthermore, 14 districts present a high risk, concentrating approximately 36% of the population and 37% of the estimated housing units.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Geógrafo/a.
Keywords
Administración de riesgo, Terremotos Medidas de seguridad