Influencia del raleo como estrategia para mejorar el tamaño del fruto en cerezo "Corazón de paloma"
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El cultivar de cerezo ‘Corazón de Paloma’, de alto valor patrimonial en la Región de Ñuble, presenta frutos de reducido tamaño que limitan su competitividad comercial. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes intensidades de raleo de frutos sobre la relación hoja-fruto, el tamaño y otros atributos de calidad en huertos de las localidades de Coyanco, Peñablanca y La Gloria. Se aplicaron tres intensidades de raleo: alta (1 - 5 frutos por dardo), media (3 - 8 frutos por dardo) y sin raleo (control). En Coyanco, el raleo de alta intensidad incrementó la relación hoja-fruto en un 284 % (p = 0,001), sin afectar significativamente el tamaño del fruto. En Peñablanca, el raleo de alta intensidad incrementó el peso del fruto en un 13 % (p = 0,0436), pero sin efecto significativo sobre la relación hoja-fruto. En La Gloria, el raleo de intensidad alta incrementó el área foliar (p = 0,040) y la relación hoja-fruto (p = 0,025) en un 40 % y 260 %, sin efecto significativo sobre el tamaño del fruto. Solo en esta localidad se encontró una relación significativa y positiva entre la relación hoja-fruto y el peso del fruto (R² = 0,70; p = 0,0049). Estos resultados sugieren que la técnica de raleo de frutos solo asegura un incremento parcial del tamaño de fruto en cerezas ‘Corazón de Paloma’, debido a su baja consistencia con la relación hoja-fruto bajo las condiciones particulares de producción de este cultivar en las localidades estudiadas.
The sweet cherry cultivar Corazón de Paloma, a variety of high heritage value in the Ñuble Region, produces small fruits, limiting its commercial competitiveness. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different fruit-thinning intensities on the leaf-to-fruit ratio, fruit size, and other quality attributes in orchards located in Coyanco, Peñablanca, and La Gloria. Three thinning intensities were applied: high (1 - 5 fruits per spur), medium (3 - 8 fruits per spur), and no thinning (control). In Coyanco, high-intensity thinning increased the leaf-to-fruit ratio by 284 % (p = 0.001), without significantly affecting fruit size. In Peñablanca, high-intensity thinning increased fruit weight by 13 % (p = 0.0436) but had no significant effect on the leaf- to-fruit ratio. In La Gloria, the high-intensity treatment increased leaf area (p = 0.040) and the leaf-to-fruit ratio (p = 0.025) by 40 % and 260 %, respectively, without significantly affecting fruit size. Only in this locality was a significant positive relationship found between the leaf-to-fruit ratio and fruit weight (R² = 0.70; p = 0.0049). These results suggest that fruit thinning only ensures a partial increase in fruit size in ‘Corazón de Paloma’ cherries, due to its low consistency with the leaf- fruit ratio under the particular production conditions of this cultivar in the locations studied.
The sweet cherry cultivar Corazón de Paloma, a variety of high heritage value in the Ñuble Region, produces small fruits, limiting its commercial competitiveness. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different fruit-thinning intensities on the leaf-to-fruit ratio, fruit size, and other quality attributes in orchards located in Coyanco, Peñablanca, and La Gloria. Three thinning intensities were applied: high (1 - 5 fruits per spur), medium (3 - 8 fruits per spur), and no thinning (control). In Coyanco, high-intensity thinning increased the leaf-to-fruit ratio by 284 % (p = 0.001), without significantly affecting fruit size. In Peñablanca, high-intensity thinning increased fruit weight by 13 % (p = 0.0436) but had no significant effect on the leaf- to-fruit ratio. In La Gloria, the high-intensity treatment increased leaf area (p = 0.040) and the leaf-to-fruit ratio (p = 0.025) by 40 % and 260 %, respectively, without significantly affecting fruit size. Only in this locality was a significant positive relationship found between the leaf-to-fruit ratio and fruit weight (R² = 0.70; p = 0.0049). These results suggest that fruit thinning only ensures a partial increase in fruit size in ‘Corazón de Paloma’ cherries, due to its low consistency with the leaf- fruit ratio under the particular production conditions of this cultivar in the locations studied.
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Keywords
Crecimiento frutal, Prunus avium L., Cerezos