Aplicación de técnicas espectroscópicas para la predicción de la capacidad madurativa en cultivos embriogénicos de Pinus radiata.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La fase de maduración en los cultivos embriogénicos de Pinus radiata es un punto crítico para la producción de plantas, ya que actualmente el número de embriones generados solo puede determinarse al final del proceso. Este período, que dura entre 4 y 5 meses, incrementa significativamente los costos y la complejidad de los programas de mejoramiento genético y las operaciones silvícolas.
En este estudio, se evaluó la aplicación de técnicas espectroscópicas, específicamente imágenes hiperespectrales y espectroscopía FTIR, para predecir la capacidad madurativa de los cultivos embriogénicos mediante análisis multivariados. Se implementaron distintos tratamientos para la normalización de los datos espectrales y se aplicaron análisis de componentes principales (PCA) y regresión por mínimos cuadrados parciales discriminante (PLS-DA) con el fin de identificar patrones espectrales en los genotipos evaluados.
Los resultados indicaron que las imágenes hiperespectrales presentan una capacidad superior para discriminar entre grupos de genotipos en comparación con FTIR. El análisis PCA permitió diferenciar claramente dos conjuntos de genotipos: los grupos 1, 2 y 3 frente a los grupos 4, 5, 6 y 7, con una varianza acumulada de hasta el 72,01%. Por otro lado, el modelo PLS-DA mostró un desempeño destacado, con valores de especificidad de 1,00, sensibilidad de 0,99 y precisión de 0,99 al distinguir masas embriogénicas capaces de generar embriones de aquellas no generadoras. En contraste, el análisis mediante FTIR presentó limitaciones significativas en términos de sensibilidad y resolución para la identificación de patrones claros.
The maturation phase in Pinus radiata embryogenic cultures is a critical point for plant production since the number of embryos generated can only be determined at the end of the process. This period, lasting between 4 and 5 months, significantly increases the costs and complexity of genetic improvement programs and silvicultural operations. This study evaluated the application of spectroscopic techniques, specifically hyperspectral imaging and FTIR spectroscopy, to predict the maturation capacity of embryogenic cultures through multivariate analysis. Various treatments were applied to normalize spectral data, and principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to identify spectral patterns in the evaluated genotypes. The results indicated that hyperspectral imaging has a superior ability to discriminate between genotype groups compared to FTIR. PCA clearly differentiated two sets of genotypes: groups 1, 2, and 3 versus groups 4, 5, 6, and 7, with an accumulated variance of up to 72.01%. Meanwhile, the PLS-DA model showed outstanding performance, with specificity values of 1.00, sensitivity of 0.99, and accuracy of 0.99 in distinguishing embryogenic masses capable of generating embryos from non-generating ones. In contrast, FTIR analysis showed significant limitations in terms of sensitivity and resolution for identifying clear patterns.
The maturation phase in Pinus radiata embryogenic cultures is a critical point for plant production since the number of embryos generated can only be determined at the end of the process. This period, lasting between 4 and 5 months, significantly increases the costs and complexity of genetic improvement programs and silvicultural operations. This study evaluated the application of spectroscopic techniques, specifically hyperspectral imaging and FTIR spectroscopy, to predict the maturation capacity of embryogenic cultures through multivariate analysis. Various treatments were applied to normalize spectral data, and principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to identify spectral patterns in the evaluated genotypes. The results indicated that hyperspectral imaging has a superior ability to discriminate between genotype groups compared to FTIR. PCA clearly differentiated two sets of genotypes: groups 1, 2, and 3 versus groups 4, 5, 6, and 7, with an accumulated variance of up to 72.01%. Meanwhile, the PLS-DA model showed outstanding performance, with specificity values of 1.00, sensitivity of 0.99, and accuracy of 0.99 in distinguishing embryogenic masses capable of generating embryos from non-generating ones. In contrast, FTIR analysis showed significant limitations in terms of sensitivity and resolution for identifying clear patterns.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero/a en Biotecnología Vegetal.
Keywords
Embriología vegetal, Espectroscopía por transformada de Fourier, Pino insigne, Pinus radiata