Caracterización de la avifauna presente en el Bien Nacional Protegido Ranchillo Alto, Región del Ñuble, Chile.
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La avifauna es un componente importante de la biodiversidad y un indicador de la salud de los ecosistemas. Sin embargo, en algunas zonas de la cordillera de los Andes, como el Bien Nacional Protegido Ranchillo Alto, no hay información suficiente sobre las especies de aves que habitan allí. Por ello, se establecieron puntos de conteo para determinar la riqueza y abundancia de avifauna durante los periodos estacionales de primavera (noviembre-diciembre 2023). Además, durante la temporada de verano (febrero-marzo 2024) se realizó un estudio bioacústico complementario para evaluar la presencia de aves nocturnas. Se compararon tres ambientes con diferentes tipos de vegetación: zona baja con bosque de roble abierto, zona media con bosque sobremaduro de coihue y zona alta con bosque de lenga y ñirre achaparrado. Se registró un total de 34 especies, de las cuales el fio fio (Elaenia albiceps) y el rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda) fueron las más abundantes. Se observó una mayor riqueza y abundancia de avifauna en la zona baja, seguida por la zona media. Estos resultados sugieren que la combinación de bosque con zonas de praderas permite la presencia de una mayor riqueza de especies. Esto se debería a que posee mayor diversidad de nichos ecológicos, permitiendo la presencia de especies mayoritariamente generalistas. Se recomienda realizar más estudios en otras estaciones del año y en otras zonas de la cordillera para ampliar el conocimiento sobre la avifauna andina.
Avifauna is an important component of biodiversity and an indicator of ecosystem health. However, in some areas of the Andes Mountains, such as the Ranchillo Alto National Protected Area, there is insufficient information on the bird species that live there. Therefore, counting points were established to determine the richness and abundance of avifauna during the seasonal periods of spring (November-December 2023). In addition, during the summer season (FebruaryMarch 2024) a complementary bioacoustic study was conducted to evaluate the presence of nocturnal birds. Three environments with different types of vegetation were compared: low zone with open oak forest, middle zone with over-mature coihue forest, and high zone with lenga and stunted ñirre forest. A total of 34 species were recorded, of which the fio fio (Elaenia albiceps) and the rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda) were the most abundant. A greater richness and abundance of avifauna was observed in the lower zone, followed by the middle zone. These results suggest that the combination of forest with grassland areas allows the presence of a greater richness of species. This is due to the greater diversity of ecological niches, allowing the presence of mostly generalist species. Further studies are recommended in other seasons of the year and in other areas of the mountain range to expand knowledge about Andean avifauna.
Avifauna is an important component of biodiversity and an indicator of ecosystem health. However, in some areas of the Andes Mountains, such as the Ranchillo Alto National Protected Area, there is insufficient information on the bird species that live there. Therefore, counting points were established to determine the richness and abundance of avifauna during the seasonal periods of spring (November-December 2023). In addition, during the summer season (FebruaryMarch 2024) a complementary bioacoustic study was conducted to evaluate the presence of nocturnal birds. Three environments with different types of vegetation were compared: low zone with open oak forest, middle zone with over-mature coihue forest, and high zone with lenga and stunted ñirre forest. A total of 34 species were recorded, of which the fio fio (Elaenia albiceps) and the rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda) were the most abundant. A greater richness and abundance of avifauna was observed in the lower zone, followed by the middle zone. These results suggest that the combination of forest with grassland areas allows the presence of a greater richness of species. This is due to the greater diversity of ecological niches, allowing the presence of mostly generalist species. Further studies are recommended in other seasons of the year and in other areas of the mountain range to expand knowledge about Andean avifauna.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título profesional de Ingeniero en Conservación de Recursos Naturales
Keywords
Aves Chile, Observación de vida silvestre, Áreas protegidas