Análisis de la producción de anticuerpos IgG ANTI-SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes COVID-19 chilenos leves y severos.
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Date
2022
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La investigación sobre la producción de anticuerpos durante la enfermedad por Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) ha cobrado importancia debido a su capacidad para potenciar la eliminación viral y el desarrollo de una respuesta de memoria. Recientes publicaciones han evidenciado diferencias en la generación de anticuerpos según la severidad del cuadro infeccioso, sin embargo, el rol de estos aún no está dilucidado. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la respuesta humoral anti-SARS-CoV-2 en una cohorte de 60 pacientes chilenos que cursaron COVID-19 de forma severa, moderada y leves a los 6 y 12 meses post infección. Los niveles de anticuerpos IgM, IgG y neutralizantes (NAbs) se midieron mediante inmunoensayo por quimioluminiscencia (CLIA) y sus niveles fueron relacionados con secuelas pulmonares estructurales, funcionales y alteraciones del metabolismo glucídico. Además, se determinó el porcentaje de células B anti RBD para analizar la respuesta inmune de memoria a nivel celular por citometría de flujo. Los resultados revelaron que 6 meses posterior a la infección, los pacientes con cuadros severos presentaron mayores niveles de IgG que pacientes con cuadros leves, aumento asociado a daño pulmonar estructural y metabolismo glucídico alterado previo a la infección, pero no con disfunción pulmonar. Estas diferencias no se observaron a los 12 meses en los niveles de IgG, pero sí en NAbs. Todos los pacientes presentaron células B anti-RBD, pero éstas no se relacionaron con ningún parámetro analizado. Por lo tanto, la producción de IgG se encuentra relacionada con la severidad en pacientes chilenos, no así la diferenciación a células B anti-RBD. Los resultados demuestran que todos los pacientes generaron una respuesta humoral antígeno específica y que la severidad del cuadro no se asocia con una falla en la capacidad de generar anticuerpos totales o neutralizantes anti-SARS-CoV-2, ni con una falla en la generación de la respuesta de memoria de linfocitos B.
Research on antibody production during Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has gained importance due to its ability to enhance viral shedding and the development of a memory response. Recent publications show differences in the generation of antibodies according to the severity of infection, however, the role of these has not been elucidated. The aim of this research was to analyze the humoral response anti-SARS-CoV-2 in a cohort of 60 Chilean patients who had severe, moderate, and mild COVID-19, at 6 and 12 months post-infection. The levels of IgM, IgG, and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), and their levels were related to structural and functional pulmonary sequelae and alterations in glucose metabolism. In addition, the percentage of RBD-specific B cells was determined to analyze the memory immune response at the cellular level by flow cytometry. The results revealed that 6 months after infection, patients with severe symptoms presented higher levels of IgG than patients with mild conditions, a increased levels of IgG were associated with structural lung damage and altered glucose metabolism as comorbidity, but not with pulmonary dysfunction. These differences were observed in NAbs levels but not in IgG 12 months post-infection. All patients presented RBD-specific B cells, but these were not related to any parameter analyzed. Therefore, the production of IgG is related with the severity in Chilean patients, but not with the differentiation to RBD-specific B cells. The results show that all patients generated an antigen-specific humoral response, and that the severity of the infection is not associated with a failure in the ability to generate total or neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, or with a failure in the generation of the memory response of B lymphocytes.
Research on antibody production during Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has gained importance due to its ability to enhance viral shedding and the development of a memory response. Recent publications show differences in the generation of antibodies according to the severity of infection, however, the role of these has not been elucidated. The aim of this research was to analyze the humoral response anti-SARS-CoV-2 in a cohort of 60 Chilean patients who had severe, moderate, and mild COVID-19, at 6 and 12 months post-infection. The levels of IgM, IgG, and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), and their levels were related to structural and functional pulmonary sequelae and alterations in glucose metabolism. In addition, the percentage of RBD-specific B cells was determined to analyze the memory immune response at the cellular level by flow cytometry. The results revealed that 6 months after infection, patients with severe symptoms presented higher levels of IgG than patients with mild conditions, a increased levels of IgG were associated with structural lung damage and altered glucose metabolism as comorbidity, but not with pulmonary dysfunction. These differences were observed in NAbs levels but not in IgG 12 months post-infection. All patients presented RBD-specific B cells, but these were not related to any parameter analyzed. Therefore, the production of IgG is related with the severity in Chilean patients, but not with the differentiation to RBD-specific B cells. The results show that all patients generated an antigen-specific humoral response, and that the severity of the infection is not associated with a failure in the ability to generate total or neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, or with a failure in the generation of the memory response of B lymphocytes.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Bioquímico/a.
Keywords
Síndrome respiratorio agudo severo, COVID-19 (Enfermedad), Anticuerpos