Actualización de la instrumentación de la planta de vapor del laboratorio de termofluidos.
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Date
2024
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La Planta de Vapor del Laboratorio de Termofluidos de la Universidad ha estado en operación por más de 50 años, siendo fundamental para la formación profesional de los estudiantes, ya que cuenta con los componentes principales de una central termoeléctrica. Sin embargo, no ha experimentado cambios significativos en los instrumentos de medición, por lo que se requiere modernizar dichos equipos e implementar un sistema local que registre los datos de manera continua. El propósito del presente trabajo consiste proponer mejoras en la instrumentación de la Planta de Vapor para la enseñanza práctica de las asignaturas relacionadas con el área de Termofluidos. Conforme a esto, se lleva a cabo un diagnóstico de la central basado en mediciones históricas y en los balances de masa y energía del ciclo, los cuales fueron resueltos mediante un programa EES. Este análisis resalta las variables críticas y los equipos con errores significativos, identificando que el circuito de generación presenta los mayores márgenes de error. La implementación incluye la instalación de 10 transmisores de presión, 13 transmisores de temperatura, 4 flujómetros, 1 analizador de corriente y un sistema de monitoreo de variables con pantalla táctil, entre otros. Posteriormente, se analiza la percepción de los estudiantes mediante una encuesta que muestra la visualización de las variables del sistema local, obteniendo resultados positivos en cuanto a la claridad y facilidad de interpretación de datos. En términos de mejora de precisión, se logra reducir el error del rendimiento del ciclo a un 10% de su valor original, y se alcanza una disminución del 95% en el error del rendimiento de la turbina. Finalmente, se diseñan protocolos de ensayo para las asignaturas del área de Termofluidos, esquematizando las experiencias de laboratorio de acuerdo con la taxonomía de Bloom y vinculando los resultados de aprendizaje con los indicadores clave de desempeño establecidos para la carrera de Ingeniería Civil Mecánica.
The Steam Plant of the University's Thermofluids Laboratory has been in operation for more than 50 years, being fundamental for the professional training of students, since it has the main components of a thermoelectric power plant. However, it has not undergone significant changes in the measuring instruments, so it is required to modernize such equipment and implement a local system to record data continuously. The purpose of this work is to propose improvements in the instrumentation of the Steam Plant for the practical teaching of subjects related to the area of Thermofluids. Accordingly, a diagnosis of the plant is carried out based on historical measurements and on the mass and energy balances of the cycle, which were solved by means of an EES program. This analysis highlights the critical variables and equipment with significant errors, identifying that the generation circuit has the highest error margins. The implementation includes the installation of 10 pressure transmitters, 13 temperature transmitters, 4 flowmeters, 1 current analyzer and a variable monitoring system with touch screen, among others. Subsequently, the students' perception is analyzed by means of a survey showing the visualization of the local system variables, obtaining positive results in terms of clarity and ease of data interpretation. In terms of accuracy improvement, the cycle performance error is reduced to 10% of its original value, and a 95% decrease in the turbine performance error is achieved. Finally, test protocols are designed for the subjects of the Thermofluids area, outlining the laboratory experiences according to Bloom's taxonomy and linking the learning results with the key performance indicators established for the Mechanical Civil Engineering.
The Steam Plant of the University's Thermofluids Laboratory has been in operation for more than 50 years, being fundamental for the professional training of students, since it has the main components of a thermoelectric power plant. However, it has not undergone significant changes in the measuring instruments, so it is required to modernize such equipment and implement a local system to record data continuously. The purpose of this work is to propose improvements in the instrumentation of the Steam Plant for the practical teaching of subjects related to the area of Thermofluids. Accordingly, a diagnosis of the plant is carried out based on historical measurements and on the mass and energy balances of the cycle, which were solved by means of an EES program. This analysis highlights the critical variables and equipment with significant errors, identifying that the generation circuit has the highest error margins. The implementation includes the installation of 10 pressure transmitters, 13 temperature transmitters, 4 flowmeters, 1 current analyzer and a variable monitoring system with touch screen, among others. Subsequently, the students' perception is analyzed by means of a survey showing the visualization of the local system variables, obtaining positive results in terms of clarity and ease of data interpretation. In terms of accuracy improvement, the cycle performance error is reduced to 10% of its original value, and a 95% decrease in the turbine performance error is achieved. Finally, test protocols are designed for the subjects of the Thermofluids area, outlining the laboratory experiences according to Bloom's taxonomy and linking the learning results with the key performance indicators established for the Mechanical Civil Engineering.
Description
Tesis para optar al título profesional de Ingeniero/a Civil Mecánico/a
Keywords
Vapor, Termofluidos, Instrumentacion