Distribución espacial de agentes alérgenos y su impacto en la población del sector Nonguén de Concepción.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Las alergias respiratorias figuran como un padecimiento al alza en la actualidad, desencadenadas por elementos presentes en el hábitat que rodean a los individuos, frente a ello, emplear herramientas de análisis territorial puede permitir un mayor conocimiento sobre el ambiente y la patología. La presente investigación tuvo por objeto analizar la distribución espacial de agentes alérgenos en un sector periurbano de la Ciudad de Concepción, denominado Nonguén, el cual se encuentra inmerso en un valle y cuenta con gran presencia de vegetación tanto exótica como nativa en su entorno. Metodológicamente se empleó un enfoque Mixto, el cual abarcó revisión bibliográfica, entrevistas a expertos, trabajo en terreno, aplicación de encuestas, uso de SIG y determinación de indicadores presentes que influyeran en la condición alérgica respiratoria; luego de la evaluación de éstos, se demuestra que los principales causantes de la patología son los factores denominados Biología Humana, Ambiente Físico, Antrópico, Modos de Vida, Distribución Espacial y Sistemas de Salud.
Como complemento a la representación de todas las variables analizadas, se realizó una cartografía de síntesis, que representa la superposición de las variables de mayor incidencia en la patología en el área de estudio. Los resultados permiten identificar zonas críticas de casos de alergias respiratorias correspondiendo a los barrios de Los Copihues y Ríos de Chile, que coinciden con las áreas de mayor concentración de personas con la condición alérgica estudiada, cotas de elevación más bajas, contiguas al estero Nonguén, una mayor densidad poblacional y cercanas al camino con mayor flujo vehicular del sector, como las zonas donde se dan lo valores más altos en las variables de vientos, población, elevación y clima analizadas. Queda demostrado que la enfermedad alérgica respiratoria puede estudiarse desde el punto socioespacial, logrando resultados concretos asociados a la realidad del sector Nonguén, lo cual permitiría tomar decisiones informadas en salud que ayuden a la población y a los centros de salud del área.
Respiratory allergies are currently on the rise, triggered by elements present in the environment surrounding individuals. In response to this, the use of territorial analysis tools can provide greater insight into the environment and the pathology. The purpose of this research was to analyze the spatial distribution of allergens in a peri-urban área of the city of Concepcion called Nonguén,which is located in a valley and has a large amount of both exotic and native vegetation in its surroundings. Methodologically, a mixed approach was used, which included literatura review, interviews with experts, fieldwork,surveys, the use of GIS, and the determination of indicators that influence respiratory allergies. After evaluating these indicators, it was demonstrated that the main causes of the pathology are factors related to human biology, the physical environment, anthropic factors, lifestyles, spatial distribution, and health systems. As complement to the representation of all the variables analyzed, a synthesis map was created, representing the overlap of the variables with the highest incidence of the pathology in the study area. The results allow us to identify critical areas of respiratory allergy cases corresponding to the neighborhoods of Los Copihues and Rios de Chile, wich coincide with the areas with highest concentration of people with the allergic condition studied, lower elevations, adjacent to the Nonguen estuary, a higher population density, and close to the road with the highest vehicle traffic in the sector, as well as the areas with the highest values for the variables of wind, population, elevation and climate analyzed. It has benn demonstrated that respiratory allergic disease can be studied from a socio-spatial perspective, achieving conrete results associated with the reality of the Nonguén sector, wich would allow for informed health decisions that help the population and health centers in the área.
Respiratory allergies are currently on the rise, triggered by elements present in the environment surrounding individuals. In response to this, the use of territorial analysis tools can provide greater insight into the environment and the pathology. The purpose of this research was to analyze the spatial distribution of allergens in a peri-urban área of the city of Concepcion called Nonguén,which is located in a valley and has a large amount of both exotic and native vegetation in its surroundings. Methodologically, a mixed approach was used, which included literatura review, interviews with experts, fieldwork,surveys, the use of GIS, and the determination of indicators that influence respiratory allergies. After evaluating these indicators, it was demonstrated that the main causes of the pathology are factors related to human biology, the physical environment, anthropic factors, lifestyles, spatial distribution, and health systems. As complement to the representation of all the variables analyzed, a synthesis map was created, representing the overlap of the variables with the highest incidence of the pathology in the study area. The results allow us to identify critical areas of respiratory allergy cases corresponding to the neighborhoods of Los Copihues and Rios de Chile, wich coincide with the areas with highest concentration of people with the allergic condition studied, lower elevations, adjacent to the Nonguen estuary, a higher population density, and close to the road with the highest vehicle traffic in the sector, as well as the areas with the highest values for the variables of wind, population, elevation and climate analyzed. It has benn demonstrated that respiratory allergic disease can be studied from a socio-spatial perspective, achieving conrete results associated with the reality of the Nonguén sector, wich would allow for informed health decisions that help the population and health centers in the área.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Licenciado/a en Geografía.
Keywords
Análisis espacial (Estadística), Hipersensibilidad respiratoria, Cartografía ambiental