¿Somos realmente excepcionales? La singularidad humana examinada a partir de la distinción naturaleza/cultura y la continuidad evolutiva de la moral.
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Date
2026
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La presente investigación teórica de tipo argumentativo aborda el problema de la singularidad humana examinando críticamente la dicotomía Naturaleza/Cultura. Para ello analizamos la dicotomía Naturaleza/Cultura a partir de la concepción de la moral en la “teoría de la capa” y la crítica desplegada por Frans de Waal, para comprobar si se justifica filosóficamente o si, en cambio, hace parte de una concepción antropocentrista y especista. En este sentido, el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar si la distinción entre Naturaleza y Cultura justifica la concepción de la singularidad humana o refleja una construcción filosófica que encubre un sesgo antropocentrista y especista. Concluimos que la apelación a la distinción fuerte entre Naturaleza/Cultura para justificar la singularidad humana resulta problemática en la medida que diversos campos de estudio (como la etología) permiten entender la cultura y la moral no como rupturas, sino que como rasgos que han surgido en base a capacidades compartidas con los animales no humanos, especialmente los primates.
This theoretical, argumentative study addresses the problem of human uniqueness by critically examining the Nature/Culture dichotomy. To this end, we analyze the Nature/Culture dichotomy based on the conception of morality in the “layer theory” and the critique put forth by Frans de Waal, to determine whether it is philosophically justified or whether, on the contrary, it is part of an anthropocentric and speciesist conception. In this sense, the objective of this research is to analyze whether the distinction between Nature and Culture justifies the conception of human uniqueness or reflects a philosophical construct that masks an anthropocentric and speciesist bias. We conclude that invoking the sharp distinction between Nature and Culture to justify human uniqueness is problematic insofar as various fields of study (such as ethology) allow us to understand culture and morality not as breaks with nature, but rather as traits that have emerged based on capacities shared with non-human animals, especially primates.
This theoretical, argumentative study addresses the problem of human uniqueness by critically examining the Nature/Culture dichotomy. To this end, we analyze the Nature/Culture dichotomy based on the conception of morality in the “layer theory” and the critique put forth by Frans de Waal, to determine whether it is philosophically justified or whether, on the contrary, it is part of an anthropocentric and speciesist conception. In this sense, the objective of this research is to analyze whether the distinction between Nature and Culture justifies the conception of human uniqueness or reflects a philosophical construct that masks an anthropocentric and speciesist bias. We conclude that invoking the sharp distinction between Nature and Culture to justify human uniqueness is problematic insofar as various fields of study (such as ethology) allow us to understand culture and morality not as breaks with nature, but rather as traits that have emerged based on capacities shared with non-human animals, especially primates.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Profesor/a de Filosofía.
Keywords
Moral, Naturaleza, Cultura, Etología