Evaluación integrada de servicios ecosistémicos en la Cordillera de Nahuelbuta para la identificación de oportunidades de restauración.
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Date
2025
Authors
Varela Ávila, Carlos Alejandro
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Los servicios ecosistémicos (SE) son beneficios obtenidos por las personas a partir de los ecosistemas. La cordillera de Nahuelbuta, un hotspot de biodiversidad único, proporciona múltiples SE, pero ha sufrido una significativa degradación debido a la sustitución de sus ecosistemas, disminuyendo la capacidad de proveer servicios esenciales para el bienestar humano. Es necesario identificar oportunidades de restauración para recuperar la capacidad de provisión de los SE más demandados por sus habitantes. El presente estudio se enfocó en identificar oportunidades de restauración en la cordillera de Nahuelbuta mediante una evaluación integrada de SE a multiescala, para ello se aplicó una encuesta a actores relevantes destacando: Regulación del ciclo hidrológico y flujos hídricos, Control de erosión y Regulación de la temperatura, como los tres SE más demandados. Mediante análisis y modelamiento espacial se determinó su capacidad actual de provisión, diseñándose tres escenarios de restauración (A, B y C), que contemplaron el reemplazo de ecosistemas antrópicos por naturales bajo criterios de: protección de cursos de agua, rango altitudinal y tasa de erosión actual, a escala de paisaje y comunal, para las 20 comunas que componen su territorio, a fin de aumentar su capacidad de provisión futura. A escala de paisaje, el servicio Regulación del ciclo hidrológico y flujos hídricos, presentó el mayor aumento, con un 18 %, bajo el escenario B. A escala comunal, San Pedro de la Paz, presentó el mayor aumento para este mismo servicio, con un 66 %, bajo el escenario C. Las oportunidades de restauración identificadas deben ser integradas en los instrumentos de planificación territorial, considerando su alto potencial para proveer SE, el desafío está en diseñar configuraciones de escenarios adecuadas para mitigar los efectos de la degradación ambiental, conservar la biodiversidad y asegurar el bienestar humano de los habitantes de la cordillera de Nahuelbuta.
Ecosystem services (ES) are benefits obtained by people from ecosystems. The Nahuelbuta mountain range, a unique biodiversity hotspot, provides multiple ES, but has suffered significant degradation due to the replacement of its ecosystems, decreasing the capacity to provide essential services for human well-being. It is necessary to identify restoration opportunities to recover the capacity to provide the ES most in demand by its inhabitants. The present study focused on identifying restoration opportunities in the Nahuelbuta mountain range through an integrated multi-scale evaluation of ES, for which a survey was applied to relevant stakeholders, highlighting: Regulation of the hydrological cycle and water flows, erosion control and temperature regulation, as the three ES most in demand. Three restoration scenarios (A, B and C) were designed, which contemplated the replacement of anthropic ecosystems with natural ones under the following criteria: protection of watercourses, altitudinal range and current erosion rate, at a landscape and communal scale, for the 20 communes that make up its territory, in order to increase its future supply capacity. At the landscape scale, the service Regulation of the hydrological cycle and water flows presented the greatest increase, with 18%, under scenario B. At the communal scale, San Pedro de Paz presented the greatest increase for this same service, with 66%, under scenario C. At the communal scale, San Pedro de la Paz, presented the highest increase for this same service, with 66 %, under scenario C. The restoration opportunities identified should be integrated into the territorial planning instruments, considering their high potential to provide ES, the challenge is to design appropriate scenario configurations to mitigate the effects of environmental degradation, conserve biodiversity and ensure the human wellbeing of the inhabitants of the Nahuelbuta mountain range.
Ecosystem services (ES) are benefits obtained by people from ecosystems. The Nahuelbuta mountain range, a unique biodiversity hotspot, provides multiple ES, but has suffered significant degradation due to the replacement of its ecosystems, decreasing the capacity to provide essential services for human well-being. It is necessary to identify restoration opportunities to recover the capacity to provide the ES most in demand by its inhabitants. The present study focused on identifying restoration opportunities in the Nahuelbuta mountain range through an integrated multi-scale evaluation of ES, for which a survey was applied to relevant stakeholders, highlighting: Regulation of the hydrological cycle and water flows, erosion control and temperature regulation, as the three ES most in demand. Three restoration scenarios (A, B and C) were designed, which contemplated the replacement of anthropic ecosystems with natural ones under the following criteria: protection of watercourses, altitudinal range and current erosion rate, at a landscape and communal scale, for the 20 communes that make up its territory, in order to increase its future supply capacity. At the landscape scale, the service Regulation of the hydrological cycle and water flows presented the greatest increase, with 18%, under scenario B. At the communal scale, San Pedro de Paz presented the greatest increase for this same service, with 66%, under scenario C. At the communal scale, San Pedro de la Paz, presented the highest increase for this same service, with 66 %, under scenario C. The restoration opportunities identified should be integrated into the territorial planning instruments, considering their high potential to provide ES, the challenge is to design appropriate scenario configurations to mitigate the effects of environmental degradation, conserve biodiversity and ensure the human wellbeing of the inhabitants of the Nahuelbuta mountain range.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero en Conservación de Recursos Naturales.
Keywords
Biodiversidad, Ecosistemas, Restauración forestal