Dinámica espacial y temporal de la pesca de krill antártico: identificación y evaluación de caladeros basada en oportunidades de pesca.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La pesquería de krill antártico (Euphausia superba) ha mostrado una creciente concentración espacial y temporal en el Océano Austral, lo que podría afectar la disponibilidad de alimento para especies dependientes. El presente estudio evaluó la variabilidad espacial y temporal de la captura por unidad de esfuerzo en oportunidades de pesca identificadas mediante un análisis de agrupamiento jerárquico aplicado a lances registrados en las subáreas estadísticas 48.1, 48.2 y 48.3 entre los años 2017 y 2024. Se identificaron 27 oportunidades de pesca, clasificadas como inusuales, esporádicas o recurrentes según su frecuencia de uso y cobertura temporal. Las oportunidades recurrentes (n = 7) se localizaron principalmente en el Estrecho de Bransfield (48.1) y las islas Orcadas del Sur (48.2), y fueron analizadas mediante análisis de correspondencia para caracterizar la fauna acompañante, estructura poblacional del krill y variables ambientales/operativas asociadas a la captura. Los resultados evidenciaron asociaciones específicas entre oportunidades de pesca y composición de la fauna acompañante y diferencias en la estructura poblacional, entre subárea. Finalmente, se observó una tendencia decreciente de la CPUE en dos oportunidades recurrentes. Estos Hallazgos aportan evidencia para mejorar la comprensión de la dinámica espacial y temporal de la pesquería, la influencia de variables ambientales y operativas sobre el comportamiento de los buques.
The Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) fishery has shown an increasing spatial and temporal concentration in areas of the Southern Ocean, which could affect food availability for dependent species. The present study evaluated the spatiotemporal variability of catch per unit effort of fishing opportunities identified through a hierarchical clustering analysis applied to hauls recorded in statistical subareas 48.1, 48.2 and 48.3 between the years 2017 and 2024. Twenty-seven fishing opportunities were identified, classified as unusual, sporadic or recurrent according to their frequency of use and temporal coverage. Recurrent opportunities (n = 7) were mainly located in Bransfield Strait (48.1) and South Orkney Islands (48.2) and were analyzed using correspondence analysis to characterize bycatch. In addition, proportions of gravid females and juveniles were estimated as indicators of potential breeding and recruitment areas. The results showed specific associations between fishing opportunities and bycatch composition, as well as a high proportion of juveniles in Bransfield and gravid females in Orkney islands. Finally, a decreasing CPUE trend was observed on two recurring occasions. These findings provide relevant evidence for the design of more sustainable spatial management strategies in the Antarctic krill fishery.
The Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) fishery has shown an increasing spatial and temporal concentration in areas of the Southern Ocean, which could affect food availability for dependent species. The present study evaluated the spatiotemporal variability of catch per unit effort of fishing opportunities identified through a hierarchical clustering analysis applied to hauls recorded in statistical subareas 48.1, 48.2 and 48.3 between the years 2017 and 2024. Twenty-seven fishing opportunities were identified, classified as unusual, sporadic or recurrent according to their frequency of use and temporal coverage. Recurrent opportunities (n = 7) were mainly located in Bransfield Strait (48.1) and South Orkney Islands (48.2) and were analyzed using correspondence analysis to characterize bycatch. In addition, proportions of gravid females and juveniles were estimated as indicators of potential breeding and recruitment areas. The results showed specific associations between fishing opportunities and bycatch composition, as well as a high proportion of juveniles in Bransfield and gravid females in Orkney islands. Finally, a decreasing CPUE trend was observed on two recurring occasions. These findings provide relevant evidence for the design of more sustainable spatial management strategies in the Antarctic krill fishery.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Ciencias con mención en Pesquerías.
Keywords
Krill antártico, Pesca