Análisis de la vulnerabilidad socioambiental frente a incendios forestales en la subcuenca del estero Bellavista. Región del Biobío. Chile
Loading...
Date
2024
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
En la última década, Chile se ha visto afectado por una serie de eventos de incendios forestales, que han impactado particularmente a las regiones entre Valparaíso y Araucanía. Estos incendios afectan una superficie promedio por temporada de 52.000 ha, generando desastres de altas proporciones en las zonas de interfaces urbanas, como fue el caso de mega incendio de Santa Ana en 2023 y el incendio de Viña del mar en febrero de 2024.
Esta situación deja en evidencia una alta necesidad de estudiar las zonas de interfaces urbana forestal desde la dimensión del riesgo frente a incendios forestales. Por ello, este trabajo, destaca un enfoque socioambiental del riesgo de incendio forestal, enfocándose en el análisis de la vulnerabilidad socioambiental por medio de los Índices de Amenaza Física (IAIF) y el Índice de Vulnerabilidad Social (IVS) en la subcuenca del estero Bellavista, región del Biobío, Chile.
Los resultados para la subcuenca del estero Bellavista muestran que el índice de Vulnerabilidad Socioambiental (IVSA) es bajo en un 20,8%, medio en un 50,1% y alto en un 29,1% de su superficie. Se identificó que los distritos Chamizales, Coroney y Los Varones corresponden a los distritos con mayor superficie de espacios susceptibles a incendios forestales y los niveles más altos de vulnerabilidad social. Por último, se concluye que por medio del IVSA fue posible operativizar el concepto de vulnerabilidad socioambiental. A su vez, el uso de indicadores espaciales, permite el monitoreo y seguimiento de las condiciones de vulnerabilidad socioambiental en un entorno dinámico, tanto en condiciones de amenaza como de vulnerabilidad, y la relevancia de su comprensión en zonas propensas a incendios forestales.
In the last decade, Chile has been affected by a series of forest fire events, which have particularly impacted the regions between Valparaíso and Araucanía. These fires affect an average area per season of 52,000 ha, generating disasters of high proportions in urban interface areas, as was the case of the Santa Ana mega fire in 2023 and the Viña del Mar fire in February 2024. This situation reveals a high need to study the forest-urban interface zones from the dimension of risk against forest fires. Therefore, this work highlights a socioenvironmental approach to forest fire risk, focusing on the analysis of socioenvironmental vulnerability through the Physical Threat Indices (IAIF) and the Social Vulnerability Index (IVS) in the Bellavista estuary sub-basin, Biobío region, Chile. The results for the Bellavista estuary subbasin show that the IVSA is low in 20.8%, medium in 50.1% and high in 29.1% of its surface. It was identified that the Chamizales, Coroney and Los Varones districts correspond to the districts with the largest area of spaces susceptible to forest fires and the highest levels of social vulnerability. Finally, it is concluded that through the IVSA it was possible to operationalize the concept of socio-environmental vulnerability. In turn, the use of spatial indicators allows the monitoring and tracking of socio-environmental vulnerability conditions in a dynamic environment, both in conditions of threat and vulnerability, and the relevance of their understanding in areas prone to forest fires.
In the last decade, Chile has been affected by a series of forest fire events, which have particularly impacted the regions between Valparaíso and Araucanía. These fires affect an average area per season of 52,000 ha, generating disasters of high proportions in urban interface areas, as was the case of the Santa Ana mega fire in 2023 and the Viña del Mar fire in February 2024. This situation reveals a high need to study the forest-urban interface zones from the dimension of risk against forest fires. Therefore, this work highlights a socioenvironmental approach to forest fire risk, focusing on the analysis of socioenvironmental vulnerability through the Physical Threat Indices (IAIF) and the Social Vulnerability Index (IVS) in the Bellavista estuary sub-basin, Biobío region, Chile. The results for the Bellavista estuary subbasin show that the IVSA is low in 20.8%, medium in 50.1% and high in 29.1% of its surface. It was identified that the Chamizales, Coroney and Los Varones districts correspond to the districts with the largest area of spaces susceptible to forest fires and the highest levels of social vulnerability. Finally, it is concluded that through the IVSA it was possible to operationalize the concept of socio-environmental vulnerability. In turn, the use of spatial indicators allows the monitoring and tracking of socio-environmental vulnerability conditions in a dynamic environment, both in conditions of threat and vulnerability, and the relevance of their understanding in areas prone to forest fires.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Análisis Geográfico
Keywords
Análisis del impacto ambiental, Incendios forestales Chile, Manejo de emergencias Chile