Aplicación de aguas residuales tratadas para riego agrícola.
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Date
2024
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La disminución del recurso hídrico disponible en el mundo dificulta cada vez más la producción de las actividades agrícolas. Ante esta problemática se propone el uso de aguas residuales tratadas como solución ante la gran demanda de agua para el sector agropecuario. El objetivo de esta monografía es analizar la viabilidad del uso de aguas residuales tratadas como las aguas grises para riego agrícola. Específicamente, se comparan las normativas chilenas correspondientes en aguas grises aplicadas a nivel mundial y se investiga el efecto de la aplicación de aguas grises sobre parámetros químicos del suelo. La mayoría de los estudios realizados en los últimos 10 años sobre aguas grises tratadas no presentan todos los análisis requeridos para hacer una interpretación de calidad de las aguas y su efecto en parámetros químicos del suelo, sin embargo, según resultados de casos de estudio se calificó que aplicando la normativa nacional la calidad del agua sería baja. La aplicación de aguas grises tratadas al suelo generó un aumento de materia orgánica y nutrientes como P, N total, Zn y Cu. En relación con los metales pesados como el Cd y Pb, aumentaron por sobre los niveles naturales del suelo, sin alcanzar niveles tóxicos. Sin embargo, debido al riesgo que puede significar a la salud humana, la acumulación de estos metales en los cultivos, se debe realizar monitoreos a largo plazo.
The decrease in available water resources worldwide increasingly complicates agricultural activities' production. Faced with this issue, the use of treated wastewater is proposed as a solution to the high water demand in the agricultural sector. This monograph aims to analyze the feasibility of using treated wastewater, such as greywater, for agricultural irrigation. Specifically, it compares Chilean regulations concerning greywater with those applied worldwide and investigates the effect of greywater application on soil chemical parameters. Most studies conducted in the last 10 years on treated greywater do not include all the required analyses to interpret water quality and its effect on soil chemical parameters. However, based on case study results, it was assessed that applying national regulations would result in low water quality. The application of treated greywater to soil led to an increase in organic matter and nutrients such as P, total N, Zn, and Cu. Regarding heavy metals such as Cd and Pb, they increased above the soil's natural levels but did not reach toxic levels. However, due to the potential health risk posed by the accumulation of these metals in crops, long-term monitoring should be conducted.
The decrease in available water resources worldwide increasingly complicates agricultural activities' production. Faced with this issue, the use of treated wastewater is proposed as a solution to the high water demand in the agricultural sector. This monograph aims to analyze the feasibility of using treated wastewater, such as greywater, for agricultural irrigation. Specifically, it compares Chilean regulations concerning greywater with those applied worldwide and investigates the effect of greywater application on soil chemical parameters. Most studies conducted in the last 10 years on treated greywater do not include all the required analyses to interpret water quality and its effect on soil chemical parameters. However, based on case study results, it was assessed that applying national regulations would result in low water quality. The application of treated greywater to soil led to an increase in organic matter and nutrients such as P, total N, Zn, and Cu. Regarding heavy metals such as Cd and Pb, they increased above the soil's natural levels but did not reach toxic levels. However, due to the potential health risk posed by the accumulation of these metals in crops, long-term monitoring should be conducted.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo
Keywords
Aguas grises, Reutilización del agua, Riego, Agricultura