Efecto de técnicas de manejo durante la viverización para promover atributos morfo-fisiológicos asociados a resistencia al déficit hídrico en dos arbustos melíferos nativos de Chile Central.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Las técnicas de producción de plantas en vivero tienen como objetivo modificar atributos morfo-fisiológicos para mejorar el desempeño durante el estrés hídrico después del establecimiento en campo. Técnicas como poda química de raíces y riego basado en la demanda hídrica de la planta se aplican para tal fin, pero carecen de evidencia científica en especies arbustivas. Por eso, se investigó el efecto de las técnicas mencionadas anteriormente durante la producción en vivero de Escallonia pulverulenta y Azara dentata, arbustos nativos del centro mediterráneo de Chile. Se evaluaron dos esquemas de riego: basado en la demanda de la planta (CR 50%) y sistemático (SIS), y dos tratamientos de poda de raíces: control sin poda de raíces (SP) y poda de raíces aplicando oxicloruro de cobre (CP). Se midió crecimiento, estado nutricional, distribución de biomasa, concentración relativa de clorofila (CRC) y relación presión-volumen (PV). En E. pulverulenta, el tratamiento CR 50% redujo el tamaño de la planta (diámetro y longitud) pero aumentó la relación raíz-brote. En A. dentata, la interacción entre la poda de raíces y el riego afectó el tamaño de la planta; se observó un mayor diámetro y longitud del tallo en la combinación de tratamientos CR 50% x CP. En ambas especies, CP disminuyó la biomasa de la raíz. En ambas especies el tratamiento CR 50% aumentó la concentración de nitrógeno foliar y el CRC. Después de un evento de helada, observamos que el esquema de riego afectó la supervivencia en ambas especies, donde las plantas en el tratamiento CR 50% tuvieron una mayor supervivencia. Con respecto a los caracteres PV, solo la capacitancia absoluta (CFT, absolute) se vio afectada en A. dentata, donde CFT, absolute fue mayor en el riego sistemático. En consecuencia, CR 50% fue el tratamiento que mayormente indujo cambios en los caracteres morfo-fisiológicos relacionados con la resistencia a la sequía en ambas especies.
Nursery production techniques aim to modify morpho-physiological traits to improve performance during water stress after field establishment. Techniques such as chemical root pruning and irrigation based on plant water demand are applied for such purpose, but lack scientific evidence in shrub species. Thus, we researched the effect of above-mentioned techniques during nursery production of Escallonia pulverulenta and Azara dentata, two native shrubs species from Mediterranean central Chile. We tested two irrigation schemes: based on plant demand (CR 50%) and systematic (SIS), and two root pruning treatments: control without root pruning (SP) and root pruning with cupper oxychloride application (CP). We measured growth, nutritional status, biomass distribution, relative chlorophyll concentration (CRC), and pressure-volume (PV) relationship. In E. pulverulenta, the CR 50% treatment reduced plant size (diameter and length) but increased the root-to-shoot ratio. In A. dentata, interaction between root pruning and irrigation affected plant size; higher stem diameter and length was observed in the CR 50% x CP treatment combination. In both species, CP decreased root biomass. As expected, in both species, the CR 50% treatment increased leaf nitrogen concentration and CRC. After a frost event, we observed that irrigation scheme affected survival in both species, where plants in the CR 50% treatment had higher survival. Regarding PV traits, only absolute capacitance (CFT, absolute) was affected in A. dentata, where CFT, absolute was higher in systematic irrigation. Consequently, the CR 50% was the treatment that mostly induced changes in morpho-physiological traits related to drought resistance in both species.
Nursery production techniques aim to modify morpho-physiological traits to improve performance during water stress after field establishment. Techniques such as chemical root pruning and irrigation based on plant water demand are applied for such purpose, but lack scientific evidence in shrub species. Thus, we researched the effect of above-mentioned techniques during nursery production of Escallonia pulverulenta and Azara dentata, two native shrubs species from Mediterranean central Chile. We tested two irrigation schemes: based on plant demand (CR 50%) and systematic (SIS), and two root pruning treatments: control without root pruning (SP) and root pruning with cupper oxychloride application (CP). We measured growth, nutritional status, biomass distribution, relative chlorophyll concentration (CRC), and pressure-volume (PV) relationship. In E. pulverulenta, the CR 50% treatment reduced plant size (diameter and length) but increased the root-to-shoot ratio. In A. dentata, interaction between root pruning and irrigation affected plant size; higher stem diameter and length was observed in the CR 50% x CP treatment combination. In both species, CP decreased root biomass. As expected, in both species, the CR 50% treatment increased leaf nitrogen concentration and CRC. After a frost event, we observed that irrigation scheme affected survival in both species, where plants in the CR 50% treatment had higher survival. Regarding PV traits, only absolute capacitance (CFT, absolute) was affected in A. dentata, where CFT, absolute was higher in systematic irrigation. Consequently, the CR 50% was the treatment that mostly induced changes in morpho-physiological traits related to drought resistance in both species.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniera en Biotecnología Vegetal
Keywords
Arbustos Chile, Viveros, Plantas endémicas, Plantas Desarrollo