Revisión del estado del arte sobre buffers ecológicos para la conservación de flora amenazada en plantaciones forestales de macrozonas centro-sur y sur de Chile.
Loading...
Date
2025
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La disminución de la biodiversidad, causada principalmente por la pérdida de hábitat, en donde las especies más amenazadas han sido categorizadas por la lista roja de la UICN. En Chile, especies de flora nativa amenazada se ha reportado creciendo en plantaciones forestales, pero sin medidas claras de protección en temática ambiental. Este estudio sistematiza la información disponible de buffers ecológicos con valores explícitos y proponer umbrales de referencia para flora amenazada creciendo en plantaciones forestales en las zonas de mayor actividad forestal del país.
Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica a través de motores de búsqueda especializados (Google académico, Elicit). Los valores encontrados fueron clasificados por función ecológica y bioma según las ecorregiones de Olson. Para ambas clasificaciones se aplicaron test no paramétricos para establecer diferencias entre grupos de datos.
Los resultados mostraron que los buffers específicos a flora fueron los únicos con distribución normal con una mediana de 20 m. Para una función más amplia en sus objetivos ecológicos se identificó una mediana de 30 m. En tanto el bioma “Bosques templados de hoja ancha y mixtas” de mayor influencia en este estudio obtuvo una media de 29,5 de media y mediana de 30. Estas cifras se contrastaron con los requerimientos ecológicos de Citronella mucronata, Pitavia punctata y Gomortega keule.
Se propone buffers de 10, 20 y 30 m de acuerdo con el tipo de hábito y tolerancia a la sombra de las especies. La viabilidad de estos valores depende de incentivos económicos que fomenten una conservación efectiva al margen del costo de oportunidad del suelo productivo, particularmente para pequeños y medianos propietarios.
Biodiversity loss, primarily driven by habitat degradation, has led to the classification of the most threatened species in the IUCN Red List. In Chile, native threatened plant species have been reported growing within forest plantations, yet there are no clear environmental protection measures in place. This study systematizes available information on ecological buffers with explicit values and proposes reference thresholds for the conservation of threatened flora growing in forest plantations located in the country's main forestry zones. A bibliographic review was conducted using specialized search engines (Google Scholar, Elicit). The buffer values found were classified by ecological function and by biome, according to Olson's ecoregions. Non-parametric tests were applied to both classifications to identify significant differences between data groups. Results showed that buffers specifically aimed at flora were the only ones to follow a normal distribution, with a median of 20 m. For broader ecological objectives, a median of 30 m was identified. The most influential biome in the study, "Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests," had a mean of 29.5 m and a median of 30 m. These figures were contrasted with the ecological requirements of Citronella mucronata, Pitavia punctata, and Gomortega keule. The study proposes buffer widths of 10, 20, and 30 meters, depending on species growth form and shade tolerance. The feasibility of implementing these values depends on economic incentives that support effective conservation, especially considering the opportunity cost of productive land, which primarily affects small and medium-sized landowners.
Biodiversity loss, primarily driven by habitat degradation, has led to the classification of the most threatened species in the IUCN Red List. In Chile, native threatened plant species have been reported growing within forest plantations, yet there are no clear environmental protection measures in place. This study systematizes available information on ecological buffers with explicit values and proposes reference thresholds for the conservation of threatened flora growing in forest plantations located in the country's main forestry zones. A bibliographic review was conducted using specialized search engines (Google Scholar, Elicit). The buffer values found were classified by ecological function and by biome, according to Olson's ecoregions. Non-parametric tests were applied to both classifications to identify significant differences between data groups. Results showed that buffers specifically aimed at flora were the only ones to follow a normal distribution, with a median of 20 m. For broader ecological objectives, a median of 30 m was identified. The most influential biome in the study, "Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests," had a mean of 29.5 m and a median of 30 m. These figures were contrasted with the ecological requirements of Citronella mucronata, Pitavia punctata, and Gomortega keule. The study proposes buffer widths of 10, 20, and 30 meters, depending on species growth form and shade tolerance. The feasibility of implementing these values depends on economic incentives that support effective conservation, especially considering the opportunity cost of productive land, which primarily affects small and medium-sized landowners.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Forestal.
Keywords
Flora forestal Chile, Plantas en peligro, Conservación de bosques, Biodiversidad