Evaluación agronómica y productiva de arroz (Oryza Sativa L.), bajo diferentes sistemas de cultivo
Loading...
Date
2026
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El arroz (Oryza sativa L.) es un cultivo de gran relevancia alimentaria y económica en Chile. Tradicionalmente, se cultiva bajo sistemas de inundación, lo que conlleva un elevado consumo de agua y supone un desafío ante la creciente escasez hídrica. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de dos sistemas de cultivo (inundación tradicional y riego por tendido) sobre las características agronómicas, productivas y de calidad del grano del arroz. Se estudiaron 19 genotipos, incluidos cinco cultivares comerciales de arroz blanco y 14 líneas avanzadas. Se evaluaron días a floración, altura de planta, número y peso de granos, porcentaje de esterilidad, rendimiento y calidad del grano. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre genotipos y sistemas de cultivo. En general, el sistema de inundación presentó mayores rendimientos y pesos de grano que el riego por tendido, en el que se incrementó la esterilidad floral y se redujo el porcentaje de granos enteros. Algunos genotipos, como Quila 295911 y Quila 295910, alcanzaron altos rendimientos y una buena calidad bajo ambas condiciones de riego, lo que evidencia su potencial para el cultivo en sistemas con menor disponibilidad de agua. Estos hallazgos sugieren que es posible avanzar hacia sistemas de producción de arroz más eficientes en el uso del recurso hídrico, sin afectar significativamente el rendimiento ni la calidad del grano.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a crop of great nutritional and economic importance in Chile. Traditionally, it is grown under flooded systems, which involve high water consumption and represent a challenge in the face of increasing water scarcity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two cultivation systems (traditional flooding and furrow irrigation) on the agronomic, productive, and grain quality traits of rice. Twenty genotypes were evaluated, including five commercial white rice cultivars and 14 advanced lines. Days to flowering, plant height, number and weight of grains, percentage of sterility, yield, and grain quality were evaluated. Results showed significant differences between genotypes and cropping systems. In general, the flooding system yielded higher grain weights and produced higher yields than furrow irrigation, resulting in increased floral sterility and a decreased percentage of whole grains. Some genotypes, such as Quila 295911 and Quila 295910, achieved high yields and good quality under both irrigation conditions, indicating their potential for systems with lower water availability. These findings suggest that it is possible to move toward rice production systems that use water resources more efficiently without significantly affecting yield or grain quality.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a crop of great nutritional and economic importance in Chile. Traditionally, it is grown under flooded systems, which involve high water consumption and represent a challenge in the face of increasing water scarcity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two cultivation systems (traditional flooding and furrow irrigation) on the agronomic, productive, and grain quality traits of rice. Twenty genotypes were evaluated, including five commercial white rice cultivars and 14 advanced lines. Days to flowering, plant height, number and weight of grains, percentage of sterility, yield, and grain quality were evaluated. Results showed significant differences between genotypes and cropping systems. In general, the flooding system yielded higher grain weights and produced higher yields than furrow irrigation, resulting in increased floral sterility and a decreased percentage of whole grains. Some genotypes, such as Quila 295911 and Quila 295910, achieved high yields and good quality under both irrigation conditions, indicating their potential for systems with lower water availability. These findings suggest that it is possible to move toward rice production systems that use water resources more efficiently without significantly affecting yield or grain quality.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo
Keywords
Arroz, Riego Chile, Cultivos agrícolas