Cultivo de células meristemáticas de Peumus boldus Mol. para la producción de boldina.
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Date
2023
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Peumus boldus Mol. es un árbol nativo que crece en el centro y sur de Chile. El alcaloide más conocido del boldo es la boldina, debido a que posee una alta actividad antioxidante. El producto más exportado para lograr la extracción corresponde a las hojas, las cuales contienen la menor concentración de boldina. El boldo posee varias limitaciones que dificultan la obtención de material vegetal a escala industrial, por lo que se necesitan alternativas tecnológicas para la obtención de boldina. La búsqueda por literatura indica que se han utilizado desde cultivos convencionales, síntesis química, hasta cultivos en suspensión a partir de tejidos vegetales para la obtención de metabolitos especializados, sin embargo, presentan varias limitaciones. Últimamente, se ha utilizado el aislamiento de células meristemáticas del cambium vascular obteniendo resultados óptimos para la
producción de algunos productos naturales. Otra alternativa para la producción de metabolitos secundarios es el cultivo de células meristemáticas del brote y de la raíz, sin embargo, el aislamiento, cultivo y manejo de dichas fuentes meristemáticas se complica debido a que su densidad está limitada a una pequeña porción apical.
Peumus boldus Mol. is a native tree that grows in the center and south of Chile. Boldo’s most important alkaloid is the boldine, due to its high antioxidant activity. The most exported product to achieve extraction is the leaves, which contain the least concentration of boldine. Boldo possesses several limitations that make it difficult to obtain vegetal matter in a conventional way, therefore, it is necessary to find new biotechnological alternatives to get boldine. Literature indicates that conventional cultures, chemical synthesis, and suspension cultures from vegetal tissue have been used to the obtention of specialized metabolites, however, they show various restrictions. Lately, the isolation of meristematic cells from vascular cambium has been used achieving optimal results to produce some natural products. Another alternative to produce secondary metabolites is the culture of meristematic cells from the sprout and the root, yet the isolation, culture and management of these meristematic sources become challenging since the density is limited to a small apical portion.
Peumus boldus Mol. is a native tree that grows in the center and south of Chile. Boldo’s most important alkaloid is the boldine, due to its high antioxidant activity. The most exported product to achieve extraction is the leaves, which contain the least concentration of boldine. Boldo possesses several limitations that make it difficult to obtain vegetal matter in a conventional way, therefore, it is necessary to find new biotechnological alternatives to get boldine. Literature indicates that conventional cultures, chemical synthesis, and suspension cultures from vegetal tissue have been used to the obtention of specialized metabolites, however, they show various restrictions. Lately, the isolation of meristematic cells from vascular cambium has been used achieving optimal results to produce some natural products. Another alternative to produce secondary metabolites is the culture of meristematic cells from the sprout and the root, yet the isolation, culture and management of these meristematic sources become challenging since the density is limited to a small apical portion.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero en Biotecnología Vegetal.