Estudio de la variación denominativa de la terminología de los trastornos del espectro autista en artículos científicos en español, inglés y alemán.
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Date
2023
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Las denominaciones utilizadas para referirse a los trastornos del espectro autista (TEA) y a las personas con esta condición son muy variadas, ya sea dentro del lenguaje común como en el especializado. El autismo es una condición que prevalece en gran parte de la población, la cual se ve afectada por denominaciones y concepciones negativas y algunas incluso erróneas. En el presente estudio se analizaron las variaciones denominativas de la terminología de los TEA de forma diacrónica en español, inglés y alemán, para después hacer una comparación entre los resultados de los tres idiomas. Para la investigación, se hizo una selección de corpus textual, el que consistió en 30 artículos científicos obtenidos desde las plataformas Web of Science, Scopus y ResearchGate entre los años 2000 y 2023; con el fin de crear un glosario terminológico en español, el que incluye las principales variantes encontradas y sus equivalencias en inglés y alemán. Se recopilaron 487 términos y denominaciones que hacían referencia a los trastornos del espectro autista y a las personas dentro de estos, tomando como base la TCT de Cabré (2005). Los resultados del análisis mostraron que el idioma que presentó la mayor cantidad de variantes fue el idioma inglés, seguido de alemán y por último el idioma español. De los resultados más relevantes, se pudo observar una inclinación en los últimos años hacia la denominación de “trastornos del espectro autista” como una unificación de los antes llamados “síndrome de Asperger y “trastorno generalizado del desarrollo” u “otro tipo de autismo”, al igual que “persona con autismo”, anteponiéndose primero “persona” que la “condición”. Sin embargo, aún se siguen utilizando denominaciones de carácter peyorativo, lo cual plasma y asevera la discriminación que sufren las personas con trastornos del neurodesarrollo.
The terms used to refer to Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and people with this condition are diverse, both in common and specialized language. Autism is a condition that is prevalent in a large part of the population that is affected by negative, and in some cases erroneous, labels and misconceptions. In this study, the denominative variation of ASD terminology was diachronically analyzed in Spanish, English, and German, and therefore a comparison was made between the results of the three languages. For the research, a textual corpus was selected, consisting of thirty scientific articles obtained from Web of Science, Scopus and ResearchGate between 2000 and 2023. The aim of this study was to create a terminological glossary in Spanish, which includes the main variants found and their equivalents in English and German. Terms and names related to autistic spectrum disorders and people under the spectrum were collected on the Communicative Theory of Terminology by Cabré (2005). A total of 487 terms were obtained, divided into three periods. The language with the highest number of variants was English, followed by German and Spanish. The main results showed that in recent years there has been a trend towards the term “autism spectrum disorder”, which combines the former terms “Asperger syndrome” and “pervasive developmental disorder” or “other type of autism”, as well as “person with autism”, with “person” before the condition. However, derogatory terms are still used, reflecting and perpetuating discrimination against people with neurodevelopmental disorders.
The terms used to refer to Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and people with this condition are diverse, both in common and specialized language. Autism is a condition that is prevalent in a large part of the population that is affected by negative, and in some cases erroneous, labels and misconceptions. In this study, the denominative variation of ASD terminology was diachronically analyzed in Spanish, English, and German, and therefore a comparison was made between the results of the three languages. For the research, a textual corpus was selected, consisting of thirty scientific articles obtained from Web of Science, Scopus and ResearchGate between 2000 and 2023. The aim of this study was to create a terminological glossary in Spanish, which includes the main variants found and their equivalents in English and German. Terms and names related to autistic spectrum disorders and people under the spectrum were collected on the Communicative Theory of Terminology by Cabré (2005). A total of 487 terms were obtained, divided into three periods. The language with the highest number of variants was English, followed by German and Spanish. The main results showed that in recent years there has been a trend towards the term “autism spectrum disorder”, which combines the former terms “Asperger syndrome” and “pervasive developmental disorder” or “other type of autism”, as well as “person with autism”, with “person” before the condition. However, derogatory terms are still used, reflecting and perpetuating discrimination against people with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Tesis presentada para optar al título de Licenciada en Traductología.