Diagnóstico de la seguridad vial en túneles carreteros.
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Date
2024
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Existen diversos métodos de evaluación para medir la seguridad vial en túneles carreteros, sin embargo, en Chile, no se emplea ninguno de ellos, lo que ha resultado en la ausencia de una evaluación del nivel de riesgo en estos espacios. Por ende, esta investigación se enfoca en comprender e implementar el modelo de Wu (2020). Este modelo, estructurado en forma de checklist, abarca 14 componentes distribuidos en las categorías de infraestructura, gestión y factores ambientales.
El estudio inició con la simulación de dos escenarios para comprender el funcionamiento del modelo, logrando linealizar ocho componentes y aumentar así la replicabilidad de las calificaciones obtenidas.
Se determinó que la combinación de alineamientos verticales y horizontales, la iluminación, la gestión del tráfico de vehículos con cargas peligrosas y el Transito Medio Diario Anual (TMDA) son variables críticas dentro de este modelo, destacando la importancia de recabar datos precisos sobre estos elementos, lo que permitió focalizar los esfuerzos en la recolección de información específica para los componentes más críticos. La adquisición de datos se llevó a cabo tanto para túneles concesionados como públicos. Para los primeros, se utilizaron principalmente bases de licitación y reglamentos de servicio, mientras que para los túneles públicos, se enfrentaron dificultades debido a la falta de información fácilmente accesible, lo que requirió visitas a terreno, consultorías y análisis de noticias.
los túneles carreteros en Chile presentan un índice de riesgo bajo, con una calificación promedio de 34. Los túneles concesionados poseen un alto estándar, con calificaciones sobresalientes, con una calificación promedio de 31 indicando un nivel de riesgo bajo. Mientras que cuatro de los ocho túneles públicos poseen un nivel de riesgo moderado con una calificación promedio de 39, esto debido a que en algunos no existían instalaciones de monitoreo o la falta de herramientas de seguridad, siendo urgente la modernización y actualización de estos para llegar a un nivel de seguridad mayor.
There are various evaluation methods to measure road safety in tunnels, however, in Chile, none of them are employed, resulting in the absence of an assessment of the risk level in these spaces. Therefore, this research focuses on understanding and implementing Wu's model (2020). This model, structured in the form of a checklist, covers 14 components distributed across the categories of infrastructure, management, and environmental factors. The study began with the simulation of various scenarios to understand the functioning of the model, successfully linearizing 8 components and thus increasing the replicability of the obtained ratings. It was determined that the combination of vertical and horizontal alignments, lighting, management of traffic with hazardous loads, and the Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) are critical variables within this model, highlighting the importance of collecting precise data on these elements. This allowed focusing efforts on gathering specific information for the most critical components. Data acquisition was carried out for both concessioned and public tunnels. For the former, mainly tender bases and service regulations were used, while for public tunnels, difficulties were faced due to the lack of easily accessible information, requiring field visits, consultations, and news analysis. Road tunnels in Chile exhibit an average low risk index, with an average rating of 34. Concessioned tunnels have a high standard, with outstanding ratings, averaging 31 indicating a low level of risk. Meanwhile, four out of the eight public tunnels have a moderate risk level with an average rating of 39, this is because some of them lacked monitoring facilities or safety tools, requiring urgent modernization, and updating to achieve a higher level of safety.
There are various evaluation methods to measure road safety in tunnels, however, in Chile, none of them are employed, resulting in the absence of an assessment of the risk level in these spaces. Therefore, this research focuses on understanding and implementing Wu's model (2020). This model, structured in the form of a checklist, covers 14 components distributed across the categories of infrastructure, management, and environmental factors. The study began with the simulation of various scenarios to understand the functioning of the model, successfully linearizing 8 components and thus increasing the replicability of the obtained ratings. It was determined that the combination of vertical and horizontal alignments, lighting, management of traffic with hazardous loads, and the Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) are critical variables within this model, highlighting the importance of collecting precise data on these elements. This allowed focusing efforts on gathering specific information for the most critical components. Data acquisition was carried out for both concessioned and public tunnels. For the former, mainly tender bases and service regulations were used, while for public tunnels, difficulties were faced due to the lack of easily accessible information, requiring field visits, consultations, and news analysis. Road tunnels in Chile exhibit an average low risk index, with an average rating of 34. Concessioned tunnels have a high standard, with outstanding ratings, averaging 31 indicating a low level of risk. Meanwhile, four out of the eight public tunnels have a moderate risk level with an average rating of 39, this is because some of them lacked monitoring facilities or safety tools, requiring urgent modernization, and updating to achieve a higher level of safety.
Description
Tesis para optar al título profesional de Ingeniero/a Civil
Keywords
Túneles Medidas de seguridad, Seguridad en el tránsito