Estrategias de diseño urbano sostenible. La interrelación naturaleza-ciudad en el caso Estero Nonguén en Concepción.
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Date
2024
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La pérdida de sensibilidad en la adaptación de la ciudad a las condiciones del medio ha supuesto en los últimos tiempos una desconexión en la manera de hacer y construir el espacio habitado. La consecuencia más visible es el aumento de catástrofes que han sufrido las ciudades chilenas (ej. inundaciones, remociones en masa). (Espinosa et al, 2017). En el caso de Nonguén, la expansión urbana ha abarcado grandes superficies en las últimas décadas (130 hectáreas aproximadamente), sobrepasando los límites naturales de los cursos de agua que componen este territorio. Esto último, es especialmente crítico en el caso del curso natural del Estero Nonguén, el cual ha sido ampliamente modificado por infraestructura urbana, afectando no solo la evidente degradación de su entorno urbano y natural, sino también limitando sus procesos naturales.
El objetivo de este estudio es generar estrategias de diseño urbano que contribuyan a la sostenibilidad y resiliencia de este territorio, a partir de la comprensión de la interrelación entre entorno natural y construido y sus formas de integración, para establecer vínculos adaptativos que sirvan como aproximación para planificar lo urbano. Para ello, se realiza un análisis de la evolución urbana a partir de cuatro períodos (1955, 1976, 1992, 2023) y se reconocen aquellas formas de integración existentes considerando tres variables; Espacial, social y ambiental. Los resultados indican que los procesos de urbanización del sector Puchacay, están estrechamente relacionados con la planificación y relación del entorno construido con la estructura natural del sector y que influyen en su ocupación actual. Sin embargo, en otros sectores como Collao, Los Lirios, Los Fresnos y Los Queules, la estructura física construida modificó radicalmente la antigua relación socio ambiental con el sistema natural del estero Nonguén. Por otra parte, la caracterización tipológica indica que a pesar de haber elementos que se disponen como barreras desde el entorno construido hacia el estero, la integración espacial se desarrolla en nivel medio y que existen tipologías que alcanzan altos niveles de integración. Para finalizar, a partir de la comprensión de la relación entre la morfología urbana-natural y las formas de integración con el estero Nonguén, las estrategias de diseño urbano sostenible se expresan en una propuesta situada que a su vez se puede extrapolar a otras situaciones de relación de entornos urbanos con cuerpos de agua, como el caso del estero Nonguén.
The sensitivity loss in the adaptation of the city to the environment conditions has recently led to a disconnection in the way of making and constructing inhabited space. The most visible consequence is the increase in catastrophes that Chilean cities have suffered (e.g. floods, mass movement). (Espinosa et al, 2017). In the case of Nonguén, urban expansion has covered large areas in recent decades (approximately 130 hectares) exceeding the natural limits of the watercourses that make up this territory. The latter is especially critical in the case of the natural course of the Nonguén estuary, which has been widely modified by urban infrastructure, affecting not only the evident degradation of its urban and natural environment, but also limiting its natural processes. The objective of this study is to generate urban design strategies that contribute to the sustainability and resilience of this territory, based on understanding the interrelation between the natural and built environment and their forms of integration, to establish adaptive links that serve as an approach to urban planning. To do this, an analysis of urban evolution is carried out based on four periods (1955, 1976, 1992, 2023) and those existing forms of integration are recognized considering three variables; spatial, social and environmental. The results indicate that the urbanization processes of the Puchacay sector are closely related to the planning and relationship of the built environment with the natural environment of the sector and that they influence its current occupation. However, in other sectors such as (Collao, Los Lirios, Los Fresnos, Los Queules) the physical structure built radically modified the old socio-environmental relationship with the natural system of the Nonguén estuary. Besides, the typological characterization indicates that despite the elements that are arranged as barriers from the built environment towards the estuary, spatial integration is developed at a medium level and that there are typologies that reach high levels of integration. Lastly, based on the understanding of the relationship between urban-natural morphology and the forms of integration with the Nonguén estuary, sustainable urban design strategies are expressed in a situated proposal that in turn can be extrapolated to the relation of urban environments with water bodies, such as the case of Nonguén estuary.
The sensitivity loss in the adaptation of the city to the environment conditions has recently led to a disconnection in the way of making and constructing inhabited space. The most visible consequence is the increase in catastrophes that Chilean cities have suffered (e.g. floods, mass movement). (Espinosa et al, 2017). In the case of Nonguén, urban expansion has covered large areas in recent decades (approximately 130 hectares) exceeding the natural limits of the watercourses that make up this territory. The latter is especially critical in the case of the natural course of the Nonguén estuary, which has been widely modified by urban infrastructure, affecting not only the evident degradation of its urban and natural environment, but also limiting its natural processes. The objective of this study is to generate urban design strategies that contribute to the sustainability and resilience of this territory, based on understanding the interrelation between the natural and built environment and their forms of integration, to establish adaptive links that serve as an approach to urban planning. To do this, an analysis of urban evolution is carried out based on four periods (1955, 1976, 1992, 2023) and those existing forms of integration are recognized considering three variables; spatial, social and environmental. The results indicate that the urbanization processes of the Puchacay sector are closely related to the planning and relationship of the built environment with the natural environment of the sector and that they influence its current occupation. However, in other sectors such as (Collao, Los Lirios, Los Fresnos, Los Queules) the physical structure built radically modified the old socio-environmental relationship with the natural system of the Nonguén estuary. Besides, the typological characterization indicates that despite the elements that are arranged as barriers from the built environment towards the estuary, spatial integration is developed at a medium level and that there are typologies that reach high levels of integration. Lastly, based on the understanding of the relationship between urban-natural morphology and the forms of integration with the Nonguén estuary, sustainable urban design strategies are expressed in a situated proposal that in turn can be extrapolated to the relation of urban environments with water bodies, such as the case of Nonguén estuary.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magister en Procesos Urbanos Sostenibles
Keywords
Urbanización, Deterioro ambiental, Diseño sustentable