Comparación de normativas nacionales e internacionales de acondicionamiento acústico y recomendaciones complementarias: diseño para ruido aéreo y de impacto en entrepiso de madera prefabricados para viviendas industrializadas.
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Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El confort acústico es un componente fundamental del bienestar en los espacios habitables, especialmente en viviendas industrializadas en madera, donde la estructura de entramado liviano presenta desafíos específicos para el control del ruido. Este estudio busca proponer soluciones de diseño que mejoren la aislación de ruido aéreo y de impacto en entrepisos de madera prefabricados, tomando como base un análisis comparativo entre la normativa chilena (NCh 352-1 y Art. 4.1.6 de la OGUC) y la normativa española (DB HR y UNE 74201), que ofrecen enfoques más integrales en materia de acondicionamiento acústico.
A través de una metodología descriptiva-experimental, la investigación se desarrolló en tres etapas: (1) revisión normativa, (2) análisis de estrategias de diseño acústico, y (3) diseño y simulación de soluciones optimizadas. Se identificaron brechas normativas en Chile respecto a entrepisos industrializados en madera, particularmente en las soluciones incluidas en el Listado Oficial de Soluciones Constructivas del MINVU, que no siempre cumplen con los requerimientos mínimos de aislamiento acústico.
Como resultado, se propusieron cuatro soluciones constructivas para entrepisos de entramado liviano en madera, con mejoras en materialidad y diseño estructural. Las soluciones incorporan estrategias como el uso de suelos flotantes, capas elásticas y elementos desacoplados para optimizar el desempeño acústico. Las cuales fueron evaluadas mediante simulaciones acústicas en el software INSUL, aplicando los estándares de desempeño de la normativa UNE (50 dB para ruido aéreo y 65 dB para ruido de impacto).
Los resultados evidencian mejoras sustantivas en el rendimiento acústico de los modelos propuestos respecto de los actualmente listados, proporcionando lineamientos para actualizar la normativa. En conclusión, esta investigación contribuye al fortalecimiento de la calidad constructiva y el confort acústico en viviendas industrializadas en madera, promoviendo el desarrollo sustentable del sector.
Acoustic comfort is a key component of well-being in habitable spaces, particularly in industrialized timber housing, where lightweight structural systems present specific challenges for noise control. This study aims to propose design solutions to enhance airborne and impact sound insulation in prefabricated timber floor assemblies, based on a comparative analysis between Chilean regulations (NCh 352-1 and Article 4.1.6 of the OGUC) and Spanish standards (DB HR and UNE 74201), which provide a more comprehensive framework for acoustic performance requirements. Using a descriptive-experimental methodology, the research was structured in three stages: (1) regulatory review, (2) analysis of architectural-acoustic design strategies, and (3) design and simulation of optimized floor systems. Regulatory gaps in Chile were identified, particularly regarding prefabricated timber floors, as several configurations in the “Listado Oficial de Soluciones Constructivas - MINVU” do not consistently meet the minimum sound insulation criteria. As a result, four improved constructive solutions for timber platform floors were proposed, incorporating enhancements in both material selection and structural configuration. The solutions adopt strategies such as floating floors, resilient layers, and mechanical decoupling of elements to optimize acoustic performance. These configurations were evaluated through predictive simulations using INSUL software, applying performance benchmarks from the UNE standard (minimum 50 dB for airborne sound insulation and maximum 65 dB for impact sound level). The results demonstrate significant improvements in the acoustic performance of the proposed assemblies compared to the currently catalogued solutions, providing technical guidance for potential updates to local acoustic standards. In conclusion, this research contributes to strengthening constructive quality and acoustic comfort in industrialized timber housing, thereby supporting the sustainable development of the sector.
Acoustic comfort is a key component of well-being in habitable spaces, particularly in industrialized timber housing, where lightweight structural systems present specific challenges for noise control. This study aims to propose design solutions to enhance airborne and impact sound insulation in prefabricated timber floor assemblies, based on a comparative analysis between Chilean regulations (NCh 352-1 and Article 4.1.6 of the OGUC) and Spanish standards (DB HR and UNE 74201), which provide a more comprehensive framework for acoustic performance requirements. Using a descriptive-experimental methodology, the research was structured in three stages: (1) regulatory review, (2) analysis of architectural-acoustic design strategies, and (3) design and simulation of optimized floor systems. Regulatory gaps in Chile were identified, particularly regarding prefabricated timber floors, as several configurations in the “Listado Oficial de Soluciones Constructivas - MINVU” do not consistently meet the minimum sound insulation criteria. As a result, four improved constructive solutions for timber platform floors were proposed, incorporating enhancements in both material selection and structural configuration. The solutions adopt strategies such as floating floors, resilient layers, and mechanical decoupling of elements to optimize acoustic performance. These configurations were evaluated through predictive simulations using INSUL software, applying performance benchmarks from the UNE standard (minimum 50 dB for airborne sound insulation and maximum 65 dB for impact sound level). The results demonstrate significant improvements in the acoustic performance of the proposed assemblies compared to the currently catalogued solutions, providing technical guidance for potential updates to local acoustic standards. In conclusion, this research contributes to strengthening constructive quality and acoustic comfort in industrialized timber housing, thereby supporting the sustainable development of the sector.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Construcción Industrializada en Madera
Keywords
Aislamiento acústico, Construcción industrializada, Materiales de construcción, Madera