Género gunnera usos e importancias en Chile
Loading...
Date
2022
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El género Gunnera se encuentra extensamente distribuido en Chile, siendo representado por especies endémicas en el archipiélago Juan Fernández y por especies nativas a lo largo de Chile continental, especies que a lo largo de los años han sido descrita e investigadas por la comunidad científica debido a la gran utilidad que pudieran presentar a la sociedad, donde la especie Gunnera tinctoria se ha trasformado en el ejemplar más representativo del género debido a que se le ha descrito como una especie de importancia gastronómica, medicinal, potencial agronómico y de gran valor cultural para la comunidades del sur de Chile confiriéndoles usos de tintorería, además de su importancia como producto forestal no maderable siendo la recolección de sus peciolos significado de ingresos económicos para muchas familias de la pequeña agricultura familiar. También existe otra especie, Gunnera magellanica, de gran importancia debido a recientes estudios que la han catalogado como una especie de interés agronómica a causa de su gran capacidad de colonizar suelos mediante simbiosis con cianobacterias pudiendo así mejorar la fertilidad de suelo mediante la fijación de nitrógeno. Las demás especies del género que llaman la atención en la comunidad científica son las especies endémicas del archipiélago Juan Fernández siendo un importante ejemplo de evolución y especiación, dada por hibridación natural a causa del aislamiento geográfico del lugar; también existe otras especies como Gunnera lobata y Gunnera berteroi Philque, si bien no han sido objeto de investigación científica intensiva, de igual manera son de gran importancia en el ecosistema del lugar donde habitan.
The Gunnera genus is widely distributed in Chile, being represented by endemic species of the Juan Fernández archipelago and by native species throughout continental Chile, species that over the years have been described and investigated by the scientific community due to their great utility that can present for society, where the Gunnera tinctoria has become the most representative specimen of the genus because it has been described as a species of gastronomic, medicinal, agronomic importance and of great cultural importance for the communities of southern Chile, giving them dry cleaning uses, in addition to their importance as a non-timber forest product, being the collection of their petioles a means of economic income for many families of small family farming. There are also other species such as the case of Gunnera magellanica of great current importance due to recent studies that have been classified as a species of agronomic importance due to its great capacity to colonize soils through symbiosis with cyanobacteria, thus being able to improve soil fertility through nitrogen fixation. The other species of the genus that show interest in the scientific community are the endemic species of the Juan Fernández archipelago, being an important example of evolution and speciation, given by natural hybridization due to the geographical isolation of the place. There are also other species such as Gunnera lobata and Gunnera berteroi Phil, which, although they have not been the subject of intense scientific research, are equally important in the ecosystem of the place where they live.
The Gunnera genus is widely distributed in Chile, being represented by endemic species of the Juan Fernández archipelago and by native species throughout continental Chile, species that over the years have been described and investigated by the scientific community due to their great utility that can present for society, where the Gunnera tinctoria has become the most representative specimen of the genus because it has been described as a species of gastronomic, medicinal, agronomic importance and of great cultural importance for the communities of southern Chile, giving them dry cleaning uses, in addition to their importance as a non-timber forest product, being the collection of their petioles a means of economic income for many families of small family farming. There are also other species such as the case of Gunnera magellanica of great current importance due to recent studies that have been classified as a species of agronomic importance due to its great capacity to colonize soils through symbiosis with cyanobacteria, thus being able to improve soil fertility through nitrogen fixation. The other species of the genus that show interest in the scientific community are the endemic species of the Juan Fernández archipelago, being an important example of evolution and speciation, given by natural hybridization due to the geographical isolation of the place. There are also other species such as Gunnera lobata and Gunnera berteroi Phil, which, although they have not been the subject of intense scientific research, are equally important in the ecosystem of the place where they live.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo
Keywords
Especies Endémicas - Chile, Gunnera tinctoria, Gunnera magellanica, Gunnera lobata, Gunner berteroi Philque