Factores personales y su asociación con el sentido de coherencia en personas mayores.
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Date
2025
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Introducción: El envejecimiento de la población constituye uno de los principales desafíos para la salud y el bienestar a nivel mundial. Ante esta rápida transición demográfica, resulta fundamental incorporar un enfoque positivo en la atención de salud, como la Salutogénesis, que tiene como eje principal el sentido de coherencia, entendido como la capacidad de comprender, manejar y dar significado a la vida. Este aspecto representa un recurso fundamental para enfrentar los retos propios de esta etapa del ciclo vital.
Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre los factores personales y el sentido de coherencia en las personas mayores del programa Más Adultos Mayores Autovalentes de los CESFAM de Talcahuano.
Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal, descriptivo y correlacional. La muestra fue de 166 personas que participaban en el programa Más Adultos Mayores Autovalentes de los Centros de Salud Familiar de Talcahuano entre enero y junio del 2025. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó un instrumento compuesto por un cuestionario semiestructurado de factores personales, la escala sentido de coherencia y la escala de autotrascendencia.
Resultados: El 44 % de las personas presentó un puntaje alto y el 53 % un puntaje medio de sentido de coherencia. Los factores que mostraron significancia estadística fueron la autotrascendencia, la percepción positiva de la vejez, estar en pareja y el diagnóstico de depresión.
Conclusiones: Los hallazgos sugieren que en las personas mayores que participan del programa Más adultos mayores autovalentes, el sentido de coherencia podría estar determinado por factores psicológicos y espirituales, mientras que los factores biológicos y socioculturales ejercen una influencia menos marcada.
Introduction: Population aging represents one of the main challenges to health and well-being worldwide. In the face of this rapid demographic transition, it is essential to incorporate a positive approach in health care, such as Salutogenesis, whose central concept is the Sense of Coherence (SOC)— understood as the ability to comprehend, manage, and find meaning in life. This element represents a fundamental resource for coping with the challenges inherent to this stage of the life cycle. Objective: To determine the relationship between personal factors and the Sense of Coherence among older adults participating in the Más Adultos Mayores Autovalentes program at the Family Health Centers (CESFAM) in Talcahuano. Methodology: A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study was conducted. The sample consisted of 166 older adults participating in the Más Adultos Mayores Autovalentes program at the Family Health Centers of Talcahuano between January and June 2025. Data were collected using an instrument composed of a semi-structured questionnaire on personal factors, the Sense of Coherence Scale, and the Self-Transcendence Scale. Results: Forty-four percent of participants presented a high SOC score and 53% a medium SOC score. Factors that showed statistical significance were self transcendence, positive perception of aging, being in a relationship, and diagnosis of depression. Conclusions: The findings suggest that, among older adults participating in the Más Adultos Mayores Autovalentes program, the Sense of Coherence may be influenced mainly by psychological and spiritual factors, whereas biological and sociocultural variables exert a less marked influence.
Introduction: Population aging represents one of the main challenges to health and well-being worldwide. In the face of this rapid demographic transition, it is essential to incorporate a positive approach in health care, such as Salutogenesis, whose central concept is the Sense of Coherence (SOC)— understood as the ability to comprehend, manage, and find meaning in life. This element represents a fundamental resource for coping with the challenges inherent to this stage of the life cycle. Objective: To determine the relationship between personal factors and the Sense of Coherence among older adults participating in the Más Adultos Mayores Autovalentes program at the Family Health Centers (CESFAM) in Talcahuano. Methodology: A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study was conducted. The sample consisted of 166 older adults participating in the Más Adultos Mayores Autovalentes program at the Family Health Centers of Talcahuano between January and June 2025. Data were collected using an instrument composed of a semi-structured questionnaire on personal factors, the Sense of Coherence Scale, and the Self-Transcendence Scale. Results: Forty-four percent of participants presented a high SOC score and 53% a medium SOC score. Factors that showed statistical significance were self transcendence, positive perception of aging, being in a relationship, and diagnosis of depression. Conclusions: The findings suggest that, among older adults participating in the Más Adultos Mayores Autovalentes program, the Sense of Coherence may be influenced mainly by psychological and spiritual factors, whereas biological and sociocultural variables exert a less marked influence.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Enfermería.
Keywords
Envejecimiento, Ancianos Aspectos psicológicos, Asistencia a la vejez