Efecto del estrés hídrico en el rendimiento de granos del maíz (Zea Mays L.)
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Date
2024
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto del riego deficitario sobre el estado hídrico, parámetros de eficiencia de fotosíntesis y rendimiento de grano y sus componentes en un híbrido de maíz. El estudio se llevó a cabo en condiciones controladas, utilizando un diseño de bloques completos con diferentes tratamientos de riego (riego óptimo, estrés hídrico pre-floración y estrés hídrico post-floración). Se midieron parámetros fisiológicos en la última hoja expandida, utilizando un fluorómetro para evaluar la eficiencia fotosintética bajo estrés hídrico. Se registraron características morfológicas y agronómicas clave como altura de planta, área foliar y rendimiento de grano y sus componentes. El tratamiento pre-floración mostró la
mayor eficiencia en el uso del agua, a pesar de una reducción en el rendimiento total, al priorizar la supervivencia de la planta. La duración e intensidad del estrés hídrico no fueron suficientes para causar cambios significativos en el contenido de la clorofila y los parámetros de fluorescencia de la clorofila. El tratamiento pre-floración tuvo el impacto más negativo en el número y peso de los granos, mientras que el tratamiento control mostró los mejores resultados en biomasa y rendimiento. El estrés hídrico durante la pre-floración afectó la viabilidad del polen y la polinización, resultando en una menor producción de granos.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of deficit irrigation on the water status, photosynthesis efficiency, and grain yield and its components in a maize hybrid. The study was conducted under controlled conditions, using a complete block design with different irrigation treatments (optimal irrigation, pre-flowering water stress, and post-flowering water stress). Physiological parameters were measured in the last expanded leaf using the fluorometer to evaluate photosynthetic efficiency under water stress. Key morphological and agronomic characteristics, such as plant height, leaf area, and grain yield and its components, were recorded. The pre-flowering treatment showed the highest water use efficiency, despite a reduction in total yield, by prioritizing plant survival. The duration and intensity of water stress were not sufficient to cause significant changes in chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters. The pre-flowering treatment had the most negative impact on the number and weight of grains, while the control treatment showed the best results in biomass and yield. Water stress during pre-flowering affected pollen viability and pollination, resulting in lower grain production.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of deficit irrigation on the water status, photosynthesis efficiency, and grain yield and its components in a maize hybrid. The study was conducted under controlled conditions, using a complete block design with different irrigation treatments (optimal irrigation, pre-flowering water stress, and post-flowering water stress). Physiological parameters were measured in the last expanded leaf using the fluorometer to evaluate photosynthetic efficiency under water stress. Key morphological and agronomic characteristics, such as plant height, leaf area, and grain yield and its components, were recorded. The pre-flowering treatment showed the highest water use efficiency, despite a reduction in total yield, by prioritizing plant survival. The duration and intensity of water stress were not sufficient to cause significant changes in chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters. The pre-flowering treatment had the most negative impact on the number and weight of grains, while the control treatment showed the best results in biomass and yield. Water stress during pre-flowering affected pollen viability and pollination, resulting in lower grain production.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo
Keywords
Estrés hídrico, Riego - Administración, Maíz