Contribución de Soluciones basadas en la Naturaleza (SbN) a la planificación urbana: Estrategias ecológicas para adaptación al cambio climático y transición hacia ciudades verdes.
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Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Esta investigación analiza la contribución de las Soluciones basadas en la Naturaleza (SbN) a la planificación urbana contemporánea y su aplicación en la transición hacia ciudades verdes. Desde un abordaje interdisciplinario se integran conceptos de la planificación urbana, la ecología y el cambio climático para comprender las dinámicas espaciales que configuran la integración de la naturaleza en la ciudad, más allá de visiones estéticas o utilitarias.
Mediante la combinación de una revisión narrativa crítica y un análisis espacial, se examinan los enfoques teóricos de: urbanismo funcional y planificación racional, para evidenciar sus limitaciones en integración ecológica urbana. Luego, mediante un análisis espacial se comparan experiencias internacionales y locales en torno a infraestructura verde, tomando las ciudades de: Valdivia, Medellín, Friburgo y Odense como caso de estudio. Este análisis se desarrolla construyendo un Índice de Ciudades Verdes con SbN (ICVS) basado en dos (2) variables: superficie verde por habitante y acceso equitativo a áreas verdes (menor a 300 metros), para medir disponibilidad, concentración y accesibilidad por ciudad, y a su vez evidenciar desigualdades y tensiones espaciales entre Norte y Sur global.
Integrando los hallazgos teóricos y numéricos, se proponen tres principios orientadores y estratégicos indispensables para avanzar hacia ciudades verdes accesibles y ecológicamente justas: multiescalaridad, gobernanza participativa e integración ecológica. En conjunto, estos principios buscan orientar la incorporación de las SbN en la planificación urbana como una herramienta de transformación estructural, capaz de vincular la restauración ecológica con equidad territorial y adaptación climática. De este modo, la investigación aporta una base conceptual y empírica, que puede ser utilizada como insumo técnico para transitar desde modelos urbanos fragmentados hacia una planificación ecológica basada en evidencia.
This research analyzes the contribution of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) to contemporary urban planning and their application in the transition toward green cities. Through an interdisciplinary approach, it integrates concepts from urban planning, ecology, and climate change to understand the spatial dynamics that shape the integration of nature into the city, beyond aesthetic or utilitarian perspectives. By combining a critical narrative review and spatial analysis, the study examines theoretical approaches such as functional urbanism and rational planning, highlighting their limitations regarding urban ecological integration. Subsequently, international and local experiences in green infrastructure are compared, using the cities of Valdivia, Medellín, Freiburg, and Odense as case studies. This analysis is developed through the construction of a Green Cities Index with NbS (ICVS), based on two variables: green area per capita and equitable access to green spaces (within 300 meters). These indicators allow measuring availability, concentration, and accessibility per city while revealing spatial inequalities and North–South global tensions. Integrating theoretical and quantitative findings, three key guiding principles are proposed to advance toward accessible and ecologically just cities: multiscalarity, participatory governance, and ecological integration. Together, these principles guide the incorporation of NbS into urban planning as a structural transformation tool linking ecological restoration with territorial equity and climate adaptation. In this way, the research provides a conceptual and empirical foundation that can serve as a technical input to guide the transition from fragmented urban models toward evidence-based ecological planning.
This research analyzes the contribution of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) to contemporary urban planning and their application in the transition toward green cities. Through an interdisciplinary approach, it integrates concepts from urban planning, ecology, and climate change to understand the spatial dynamics that shape the integration of nature into the city, beyond aesthetic or utilitarian perspectives. By combining a critical narrative review and spatial analysis, the study examines theoretical approaches such as functional urbanism and rational planning, highlighting their limitations regarding urban ecological integration. Subsequently, international and local experiences in green infrastructure are compared, using the cities of Valdivia, Medellín, Freiburg, and Odense as case studies. This analysis is developed through the construction of a Green Cities Index with NbS (ICVS), based on two variables: green area per capita and equitable access to green spaces (within 300 meters). These indicators allow measuring availability, concentration, and accessibility per city while revealing spatial inequalities and North–South global tensions. Integrating theoretical and quantitative findings, three key guiding principles are proposed to advance toward accessible and ecologically just cities: multiscalarity, participatory governance, and ecological integration. Together, these principles guide the incorporation of NbS into urban planning as a structural transformation tool linking ecological restoration with territorial equity and climate adaptation. In this way, the research provides a conceptual and empirical foundation that can serve as a technical input to guide the transition from fragmented urban models toward evidence-based ecological planning.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Geógrafo/a.
Keywords
Urbanismo sostenible, Planificación urbana, Ecología urbana (Sociología)