Aspectos fisiológicos y alternativas de control del daño por altas temperaturas en el cultivo del cerezo (Prunus avium L.).
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Date
2025
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El cerezo (Prunus avium L.) ha adquirido una gran importancia económica en la fruticultura chilena durante la última década. Sin embargo, el cambio climático, en particular el aumento de las temperaturas representa una amenaza significativa para la producción y comercialización de este cultivo. Esta monografía presenta una revisión actualizada de los aspectos fisiológicos involucrados y de las alternativas tecnológicas para el control del daño que generan las altas temperaturas en el cultivo del cerezo. Un aumento de temperatura estaría ocasionando un déficit de frío durante el receso invernal, alterando la capacidad de brotación del cerezo, además de inducir pistilos dobles durante la diferenciación floral. Durante la floración, un ascenso de la temperatura afecta la viabilidad de los gametos masculinos y femeninos, con impacto negativo en la fecundación. Finalmente, altas temperaturas pueden afectar el tamaño y color de frutos, al alterar la tasa de división celular y síntesis de antocianinas de estos. El uso de mallas sombra, aplicación de partículas reflectantes y enfriamiento evaporativo son técnicas que pueden ayudar a mitigar los efectos de altas temperaturas en la producción de cerezas. Los avances recientes en herramientas genéticas han permitido identificar genes MADS-box y el posible uso de edición genética como CRISPR/Cas9 para desarrollar en el futuro variedades de cerezo más resistentes al estrés por altas temperaturas.
Cherry (Prunus avium L.) has acquired great importance in Chilean fruit growing during the last decade, positioning itself as one of the country´s main fresh export fruits. However, climate change, particularly the increase in temperatures, represents a significant threat to the production and commercialization of this crop. This monograph presents an updated review of the physiological aspects involved and the technological alternatives to control the damage caused by high temperatures in the cherry crop. A temperature rise would cause a cold deficit during the winter break, altering the cherry tree´s ability to sprout, as well as inducing double pistils during floral differentiation. During flowering, a rise in temperature affects the viability of male and female gametes, with a negative impact on fertilization. Finally, high temperatures can affect fruit size and color by altering the rate of cell division and anthocyanin synthesis. The use of shade nets, reflective particles, and evaporative cooling is a technique that can help mitigate the effects of high temperatures on cherry production. Recent advances in genetic tools have made it possible to identify MADS-box genes and the potential use of genetic editing, such as CRISPR/Cas9, to develop cherry varieties that are more resistant to high temperature stress in the future.
Cherry (Prunus avium L.) has acquired great importance in Chilean fruit growing during the last decade, positioning itself as one of the country´s main fresh export fruits. However, climate change, particularly the increase in temperatures, represents a significant threat to the production and commercialization of this crop. This monograph presents an updated review of the physiological aspects involved and the technological alternatives to control the damage caused by high temperatures in the cherry crop. A temperature rise would cause a cold deficit during the winter break, altering the cherry tree´s ability to sprout, as well as inducing double pistils during floral differentiation. During flowering, a rise in temperature affects the viability of male and female gametes, with a negative impact on fertilization. Finally, high temperatures can affect fruit size and color by altering the rate of cell division and anthocyanin synthesis. The use of shade nets, reflective particles, and evaporative cooling is a technique that can help mitigate the effects of high temperatures on cherry production. Recent advances in genetic tools have made it possible to identify MADS-box genes and the potential use of genetic editing, such as CRISPR/Cas9, to develop cherry varieties that are more resistant to high temperature stress in the future.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero/a Agrónomo/a.
Keywords
Cerezo Chile Cultivo, Temperaturas altas, Cambios climáticos