Análisis técnico-económico de captura de Co2 en la pirólisis de residuos lignocelulósicos.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
En este trabajo se realizó un análisis técnico-económico de la captura de CO₂ durante la pirólisis de residuos celulósicos, específicamente de corteza de pino, mediante la comparación de dos tecnologías de captura: Calcium Looping (CaL) y absorción química con metildietanolamina (MDEA). El objetivo central fue optimizar técnica y económicamente un proceso de valorización de residuos que permita capturar el CO₂ de forma eficiente.
El estudio se desarrolló en tres etapas, las cuales vendrían siendo, revisión bibliográfica sobre propiedades del CO₂, tecnologías de captura y características principales de la biomasa, posteriormente se realizó la simulación del proceso completo en Aspen Plus, incluyendo todas las etapas de la pirolisis para posteriormente simular la captura de CO₂, en base a esto se realizó el análisis económico mediante el método de Guthrie actualizado y para concluir este trabajo se llevó a cabo la evaluación financiera con sus respectivos flujos de caja bajo distintos escenarios operativos.
La simulación considera la corteza de pino (#1268 según la base Phyllis2), con un poder calorífico de 21,37 MJ/kg. Se modela la pirólisis y posterior gasificación obteniendo un total de 5.298 kg/hr de CO₂, a partir de este flujo se implementaron dos sistemas de captura:
•Calcium Looping, con una eficiencia cercana al 95% y una pureza de CO₂ superior al 99%, utilizando CaO como sorbente regenerable.
•MDEA, con una eficiencia mayor al 95%, aunque con una menor pureza, operando en medio acuoso presurizado, siendo simulado con un proceso más avanzado.
Económicamente se evaluaron escenarios optimistas y pesimistas para ambas tecnologías, el análisis reveló que el método de captura de Calcium Looping presenta una mayor rentabilidad, con un VAN de 5.688.835 USD y un TIR del 49% en el escenario favorable, frente a un VAN de 1.186.387 USD y un TIR del 19% en el sistema de MDEA, cabe destacar que, en escenarios desfavorables, MDEA resulta inviable económicamente con un VAN negativo por ende no resultaría atractivamente posible.
Se concluye que la integración de Calcium Looping a procesos de pirolisis de residuos forestales representa una alternativa económicamente atractiva y ambientalmente sustentable para la captura de CO₂, especialmente en la zona estudiada ya que presenta una alta disponibilidad de biomasa y una infraestructura industrial adecuada, además la valorización del CO₂ como activo mediante bonos de carbono refuerza la viabilidad del proyecto.
This thesis presents a technical-economic analysis of CO₂ capture during the pyrolysis of cellulosic waste, specifically pine bark, through the comparison of two capture technologies: Calcium Looping (CaL) and chemical absorption with methyldiethanolamine (MDEA). The main objective is to optimize technically and economically a waste valorization process that allows for efficient CO₂ capture. The study is conducted in three stages: (1) a bibliographic review on CO₂ properties, capture technologies, and key characteristics of the biomass; (2) simulation of the complete process on the Aspen Plus platform, including all stages of pyrolysis and subsequent CO₂ capture; and (3) an economic analysis using the updated Guthrie method followed by financial evaluation with cash flows under different operational scenarios. The simulation considers pine bark (1268 according to the Phyllis2 database), with a calorific value of 21,37 MJ/kg. The pyrolysis and subsequent gasification are modeled, obtaining a total of 5.298 kg/hr of CO₂. Based on this flow, two capture systems were implemented: •Calcium Looping, with an efficiency close to 95% and a CO₂ purity above 99%, using CaO as a regenerable sorbent. •MDEA, with an efficiency greater than 95%, although with a lower purity, operating in pressurized aqueous medium, being simulated with a more advanced process. Economically, optimistic and pessimistic scenarios were evaluated for both technologies; the analysis revealed that the Calcium Looping capture method has higher profitability, with a net present value (NPV) of USD 5.688.835 and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 49% in the favorable scenario, compared to an NPV of USD 1.186.387 and an IRR of 19% for the MDEA system. It is worth noting that in unfavorable scenarios, MDEA is economically unviable with a negative NPV, making it unattractively feasible. It is concluded that the integration of Calcium Looping into the pyrolysis processes of forest waste represents an economically attractive and environmentally sustainable alternative for CO₂ capture, especially in the studied area as it has a high availability of biomass and suitable industrial infrastructure. Moreover, the valorization of CO₂ as an asset through carbon credits reinforces the project's viability.
This thesis presents a technical-economic analysis of CO₂ capture during the pyrolysis of cellulosic waste, specifically pine bark, through the comparison of two capture technologies: Calcium Looping (CaL) and chemical absorption with methyldiethanolamine (MDEA). The main objective is to optimize technically and economically a waste valorization process that allows for efficient CO₂ capture. The study is conducted in three stages: (1) a bibliographic review on CO₂ properties, capture technologies, and key characteristics of the biomass; (2) simulation of the complete process on the Aspen Plus platform, including all stages of pyrolysis and subsequent CO₂ capture; and (3) an economic analysis using the updated Guthrie method followed by financial evaluation with cash flows under different operational scenarios. The simulation considers pine bark (1268 according to the Phyllis2 database), with a calorific value of 21,37 MJ/kg. The pyrolysis and subsequent gasification are modeled, obtaining a total of 5.298 kg/hr of CO₂. Based on this flow, two capture systems were implemented: •Calcium Looping, with an efficiency close to 95% and a CO₂ purity above 99%, using CaO as a regenerable sorbent. •MDEA, with an efficiency greater than 95%, although with a lower purity, operating in pressurized aqueous medium, being simulated with a more advanced process. Economically, optimistic and pessimistic scenarios were evaluated for both technologies; the analysis revealed that the Calcium Looping capture method has higher profitability, with a net present value (NPV) of USD 5.688.835 and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 49% in the favorable scenario, compared to an NPV of USD 1.186.387 and an IRR of 19% for the MDEA system. It is worth noting that in unfavorable scenarios, MDEA is economically unviable with a negative NPV, making it unattractively feasible. It is concluded that the integration of Calcium Looping into the pyrolysis processes of forest waste represents an economically attractive and environmentally sustainable alternative for CO₂ capture, especially in the studied area as it has a high availability of biomass and suitable industrial infrastructure. Moreover, the valorization of CO₂ as an asset through carbon credits reinforces the project's viability.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero/a Civil Químico/a.
Keywords
Pirólisis, Dióxido de carbono, Biomasa forestal, Celulosa