Balance hídrico en cultivo de lechuga (Lactuca sativa l.) con lisímetro de drenaje.
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Date
2026
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El agua es un recurso esencial y limitado en la agricultura, especialmente frente al cambio climático. Este estudio evaluó el balance hídrico del cultivo de lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.) mediante lisímetros de drenaje, bajo dos niveles de riego (50 % y 100 % de la evapotranspiración del cultivo, ETc) en condiciones controladas de invernadero. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos, donde el riego completo (100 % ETc) generó mayor biomasa fresca y seca, mientras que el déficit del 50 % redujo el rendimiento en aproximadamente un 50 %. La evapotranspiración fue el principal componente del balance hídrico, aumentando a medida que avanzó el ciclo del cultivo. En promedio el tratamiento con deficiencia de agua tuvo un consumo medio de 0,116 L/planta, en cambio, el tratamiento con reposición total llegó a 0,196 L/planta, por lo que se concluye que la reposición completa de la lámina de riego es la estrategia más adecuada para optimizar el uso del agua y mantener la productividad de la lechuga en sistemas controlados.
Water is an essential and limited resource in agriculture, particularly under climate change conditions. This study evaluated the water balance of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) using drainage lysimeters under two irrigation levels (50 % and 100 % of crop evapotranspiration, ETc) in a controlled greenhouse environment. Results showed significant differences between treatments: full irrigation (100 % ETc) produced higher fresh and dry biomass, while the 50% deficit reduced yield by about 50 %. Evapotranspiration was the main component of the water balance, increasing as the crop developed. On average, the water-deficit treatment had a mean consumption of 0,116 L/plant, whereas the full-replacement treatment reached 0,196 L/plant. Therefore, it is concluded that full irrigation replenishment is the most suitable strategy to optimize water use and maintain lettuce productivity in controlled systems.
Water is an essential and limited resource in agriculture, particularly under climate change conditions. This study evaluated the water balance of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) using drainage lysimeters under two irrigation levels (50 % and 100 % of crop evapotranspiration, ETc) in a controlled greenhouse environment. Results showed significant differences between treatments: full irrigation (100 % ETc) produced higher fresh and dry biomass, while the 50% deficit reduced yield by about 50 %. Evapotranspiration was the main component of the water balance, increasing as the crop developed. On average, the water-deficit treatment had a mean consumption of 0,116 L/plant, whereas the full-replacement treatment reached 0,196 L/plant. Therefore, it is concluded that full irrigation replenishment is the most suitable strategy to optimize water use and maintain lettuce productivity in controlled systems.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero/a Agrónomo/a.
Keywords
Balance hídrico (Hidrología), Evapotranspiración, Lechugas