Evaluación técnica-sustentable de un edificio comercial de tres pisos considerando un diseño en base a muros de hormigon armado vs marcos arriostrados de madera laminada encolada.
Loading...
Date
2025
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El sector de la construcción enfrenta el imperativo de reducir su significativa huella ambiental, caracterizada por un alto consumo de recursos, generación de residuos y emisiones de CO₂. En este contexto, la elección del sistema estructural adquiere relevancia no solo técnica y económica, sino también ambiental. En Chile, el hormigón armado es la solución predominante, mientras que la madera laminada encolada emerge como una alternativa renovable y tecnológicamente avanzada. Esta memoria de título realiza una evaluación integral de ambas opciones para un edificio comercial de tres pisos, con el fin de aportar información objetiva que respalde decisiones de diseño más sustentables. El objetivo general fue evaluar los atributos técnicos y sustentables de dos sistemas estructurales: muros de hormigón armado (HA) y marcos arriostrados de madera laminada encolada (MLE). La metodología combinó el modelado estructural en ETABS v22, el análisis sísmico normativo, la cuantificación de costos de obra gruesa y la evaluación ambiental mediante la certificación LEED v4, centrándose en la categoría de Materiales y Recursos. Los principales resultados indican que ambas soluciones cumplen con la normativa sísmica chilena. La estructura de HA presentó mayor rigidez global. La de MLE redujo el peso sísmico en aproximadamente un 80%, disminuyendo las fuerzas de diseño, y mostró un comportamiento flexible dentro de los límites admisibles. El análisis de costos reveló que la solución en MLE es un 22% más económica en materiales de obra gruesa. La evaluación LEED demostró una ventaja ambiental decisiva de la MLE, con 9 de 11 puntos posibles, frente a los 4 puntos del HA, debido a su menor huella de carbono, uso de recurso renovable certificado y una gestión de residuos más eficiente. Se concluye que la madera laminada encolada constituye una alternativa técnica, económica y ambientalmente viable para edificios comerciales de mediana altura en el contexto chileno. Su implementación representa una oportunidad concreta para avanzar hacia una construcción más eficiente y de menor impacto ambiental, sin comprometer el desempeño estructural ni la rentabilidad inicial del proyecto.
The construction sector faces the imperative to reduce its significant environmental footprint, characterized by high resource consumption, waste generation, and CO₂ emissions. In this context, the choice of structural system becomes relevant not only from technical and economic perspectives but also environmentally. In Chile, reinforced concrete is the predominant solution, while glued laminated timber emerges as a renewable and technologically advanced alternative. This thesis conducts a comprehensive evaluation of both options for a three-story commercial building, aiming to provide objective information to support more sustainable design decisions. The general objective was to evaluate the technical and sustainable attributes of two structural systems: reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls and braced frames of glued laminated timber (GLT). The methodology combined structural modeling in ETABS v22, normative seismic analysis, quantification of rough construction material costs, and environmental assessment using the LEED v4 certification, focusing on the Materials and Resources category. The main results indicate that both solutions comply with Chilean seismic standards. The RC structure exhibited greater overall stiffness. The GLT structure reduced the seismic weight by approximately 80%, decreasing design forces, and showed flexible behavior within permissible limits. The cost analysis revealed that the GLT solution is 22% more economical in terms of rough construction materials. The LEED assessment demonstrated a decisive environmental advantage for GLT, achieving nine out of eleven possible points, compared to four points for RC, due to its lower carbon footprint, use of certified renewable resources, and more efficient waste management. It is concluded that glued laminated timber constitutes a technically, economically, and environmentally viable alternative for medium-rise commercial buildings in the Chilean context. Its implementation represents a concrete opportunity to advance towards more efficient and lower-impact construction, without compromising structural performance or the project's initial profitability.
The construction sector faces the imperative to reduce its significant environmental footprint, characterized by high resource consumption, waste generation, and CO₂ emissions. In this context, the choice of structural system becomes relevant not only from technical and economic perspectives but also environmentally. In Chile, reinforced concrete is the predominant solution, while glued laminated timber emerges as a renewable and technologically advanced alternative. This thesis conducts a comprehensive evaluation of both options for a three-story commercial building, aiming to provide objective information to support more sustainable design decisions. The general objective was to evaluate the technical and sustainable attributes of two structural systems: reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls and braced frames of glued laminated timber (GLT). The methodology combined structural modeling in ETABS v22, normative seismic analysis, quantification of rough construction material costs, and environmental assessment using the LEED v4 certification, focusing on the Materials and Resources category. The main results indicate that both solutions comply with Chilean seismic standards. The RC structure exhibited greater overall stiffness. The GLT structure reduced the seismic weight by approximately 80%, decreasing design forces, and showed flexible behavior within permissible limits. The cost analysis revealed that the GLT solution is 22% more economical in terms of rough construction materials. The LEED assessment demonstrated a decisive environmental advantage for GLT, achieving nine out of eleven possible points, compared to four points for RC, due to its lower carbon footprint, use of certified renewable resources, and more efficient waste management. It is concluded that glued laminated timber constitutes a technically, economically, and environmentally viable alternative for medium-rise commercial buildings in the Chilean context. Its implementation represents a concrete opportunity to advance towards more efficient and lower-impact construction, without compromising structural performance or the project's initial profitability.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero/a Civil.
Keywords
Hormigón armado, Construcción, Huella de carbono