Utilización de residuos agrícolas para la producción de un biofilm protector para madera de Pinus radiata a partir de una cepa del hongo Aureobasidium sp.
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Date
2024
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La madera de P.radiata, esencial en la industria forestal de nuestro país, requiere protección en condiciones de exposición a la intemperie. Tradicionalmente se han empleado productos químicos costosos y poco sostenibles, como pinturas y barnices para este fin. Una alternativa biotecnológica de protección ha sido propuesta utilizando el hongo altamente melanizado A.pulullans, el cual es capaz de formar un biofilm protector en la superficie de la madera evitando que la radiación UV alcance su superficie. En este trabajo se estudió el desarrollo de este tipo de biofilm utilizando como recurso de carbono diferentes tipos de aceites y un residuo agrícola, proveniente del procesamiento de la achicoria, conocido como vinaza. En experimento inicial se evaluaron dos tipos de aceites (girasol quemado y oliva), junto con inoculaciones de Aureobasidium sp., y una exposición a la intemperie y a rayos UV de manera artificial. Los resultados obtenidos en este experimento mostraron que el aceite de girasol quemado estimulo de mejor manera la producción de manchas oscuras características del hongo. Una observación similar fue notada para el caso de la exposición natural, respecto de la exposición artificial a la radiación UV. En un segundo experimento, se combinaron aceite de girasol quemado, inóculos del hongo Aureobasidium sp. y vinaza, en mezclas que fueron aplicadas sobre la madera mediante brocha y posteriormente la madera expuesta a la intemperie. En este caso se, observó ándose el desarrollo tenue de biopelículas de Aurebasidium sp., con mayor predominancia en las muestras que contenían aceite por sobre las que contenían vinaza. Después del desarrollo de ambos experimentos se concluyó que la impregnación con aceite mediante un método de vacío resultó más efectiva que una aplicación con brocha y por otra parte que la vinaza no parece ser un recurso alimenticio adecuado para Aureobasidium sp. Estos hallazgos abren nuevas vías de investigación sobre el uso del aceite de girasol quemado como recurso para Aureobasidium sp. en la protección de la madera.
Radiata pine wood, essential in the forestry industry of our country, requires protection in conditions of exposure to the elements. Traditionally, expensive, and unsustainable chemical products, such as paints and varnishes, have been used for this purpose. A biotechnological alternative for protection has been proposed using the highly melanized fungus A.pullulans, which can form a protective biofilm on the surface of wood, preventing UV radiation from reaching its surface. In this work, the development of this type of biofilm was studied using different types of oils and an agricultural waste from the processing of chicory, known as vinasse, as carbon resources. In a initial experiment, two types of oils (burnt sunflower and olive) were evaluated, along with inoculations of Aureobasidium sp. and, natural and artificial exposure to weather and UV rays. The results obtained in this experiment showed that burning sunflower oil better stimulated the production of dark spots characteristic of the fungus. A similar observation was noted in the case of natural exposure, with respect to artificial exposure to UV radiation. In a second experiment, burned sunflower oil, inoculum of the fungus Aureobasidium sp. and vinasse, in mixtures were applied to the wood by brush and subsequently to the wood exposed to natural weathering. In this case, the faint development of biofilms of Aurebasidium sp. was observed, with greater predominance in the samples containing oil over those containing vinasse. After the development of both experiments, it was concluded that impregnation with oil using a vacuum method was more effective than application with a brush and, on the other hand, that vinasse does not seem to be a suitable food resource for Aureobasidium sp. These findings open new avenues of research on the use of burned sunflower oil as a resource for Aureobasidium sp. in wood protection.
Radiata pine wood, essential in the forestry industry of our country, requires protection in conditions of exposure to the elements. Traditionally, expensive, and unsustainable chemical products, such as paints and varnishes, have been used for this purpose. A biotechnological alternative for protection has been proposed using the highly melanized fungus A.pullulans, which can form a protective biofilm on the surface of wood, preventing UV radiation from reaching its surface. In this work, the development of this type of biofilm was studied using different types of oils and an agricultural waste from the processing of chicory, known as vinasse, as carbon resources. In a initial experiment, two types of oils (burnt sunflower and olive) were evaluated, along with inoculations of Aureobasidium sp. and, natural and artificial exposure to weather and UV rays. The results obtained in this experiment showed that burning sunflower oil better stimulated the production of dark spots characteristic of the fungus. A similar observation was noted in the case of natural exposure, with respect to artificial exposure to UV radiation. In a second experiment, burned sunflower oil, inoculum of the fungus Aureobasidium sp. and vinasse, in mixtures were applied to the wood by brush and subsequently to the wood exposed to natural weathering. In this case, the faint development of biofilms of Aurebasidium sp. was observed, with greater predominance in the samples containing oil over those containing vinasse. After the development of both experiments, it was concluded that impregnation with oil using a vacuum method was more effective than application with a brush and, on the other hand, that vinasse does not seem to be a suitable food resource for Aureobasidium sp. These findings open new avenues of research on the use of burned sunflower oil as a resource for Aureobasidium sp. in wood protection.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título profesional de Ingeniero en Biotecnología Vegetal
Keywords
Desechos agrícolas, Hongos, Pino insigne