Floculación en el tratamiento de lixiviados de relleno sanitario
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Date
2023
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar pruebas de rendimiento a tres floculantes distintos en el tratamiento de lixiviados pertenecientes a un relleno sanitario de Chile con el fin de determinar si el proceso de floculación es idóneo para el tratamiento de este tipo de agua, además de determinar cuál de los tres floculantes ofrece un mejor desempeño. Se realizó una caracterización fisicoquímica del lixiviado a tratar de lo cual se obtuvieron resultados como una alta concentración de sólidos totales, una baja proporción de sólidos suspendidos totales, una alta conductividad, etc. Los tres floculantes empleados fueron cloruro de hierro III, sulfato de aluminio y un floculante experimental dispuesto por una empresa nacional dedicada al rubro. Las variables a analizar fueron el pH y la concentración de floculante las cuales variaron preliminarmente entre pH 3, 6,5 y 10 y concentraciones de 400 mg/L, 1700 mg/L y 3000 mg/L. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan que el proceso de floculación no es el óptimo para este tipo de residuo debido a que presenta remociones de DQO menores al 50% siendo el que obtuvo un mejor rendimiento el cloruro de hierro con 48,3% de remoción, además no existe una remoción de sólidos en ningún aspecto. Por otra parte, se observa un rendimiento considerable en la remoción de color donde se alcanzan resultados de entre un 60-70% siendo el sulfato de aluminio el más destacado con un 70,4% en promedio. Estos resultados se pueden explicar debido a las características que presenta el agua ya que contiene una baja concentración de SST siendo apenas el 2,2% del contenido total de sólidos lo cual propicia que la floculación no se lleve a cabo eficientemente. Por lo que se concluyó que, si bien el proceso de floculación no es eficiente en este tipo de agua debido a sus características. Se recomienda realizar pruebas con el floculante experimental en otro tipo de agua ya que presenta resultados similares a los floculantes comerciales más utilizados por lo que podría ser una buena alternativa para el pretratamiento de este u otros residuos.
The objective of this work was to carry out performance tests on three different flocculants in the treatment of leachates belonging to a sanitary landfill in Chile in order to determine if the flocculation process is suitable for the treatment of this type of water, in addition to determining which of the three flocculants offers better performance A physicochemical characterization of the leachate to be treated was carried out, obtaining results such as a high concentration of total solids, a low proportion of total suspended solids and high conductivity. The three flocculants used were iron III chloride, aluminum sulfate and an experimental flocculant provided by a national company dedicated to this field. The variables to be analyzed were the pH and the concentration of flocculant which preliminarily varied between pH 3, 6.5 and 10 and concentrations of 400 mg/L, 1700 mg/L and 3000 mg/L. The results obtained indicate that the flocculation process is not optimal for this type of waste because it gives COD removals of less than 50%, which a máximum removal of 48,3% for iron chloride. In addition there is no removal of solids in any aspecto. On the other hand a considerable yield is observed in the removal of color with results between 60-70%, being aluminum sulfate the most suitable with 70,4%. These results can be explained due to the characteristics of the water since it contains a low concentration of TSS being rather 2,2% of the total solids content, which means that flocculation is not carried out efficiently. Therefore, it was concluded that, although the flocculation process is not efficient in this type of water due to its characteristics, it is recommended to carry out tests with the experimental flocculant in another type of water since it presents similar results to the most used commercial flocculants. Therefore, it could be a good alternative for the pretreatment of this or other waste.
The objective of this work was to carry out performance tests on three different flocculants in the treatment of leachates belonging to a sanitary landfill in Chile in order to determine if the flocculation process is suitable for the treatment of this type of water, in addition to determining which of the three flocculants offers better performance A physicochemical characterization of the leachate to be treated was carried out, obtaining results such as a high concentration of total solids, a low proportion of total suspended solids and high conductivity. The three flocculants used were iron III chloride, aluminum sulfate and an experimental flocculant provided by a national company dedicated to this field. The variables to be analyzed were the pH and the concentration of flocculant which preliminarily varied between pH 3, 6.5 and 10 and concentrations of 400 mg/L, 1700 mg/L and 3000 mg/L. The results obtained indicate that the flocculation process is not optimal for this type of waste because it gives COD removals of less than 50%, which a máximum removal of 48,3% for iron chloride. In addition there is no removal of solids in any aspecto. On the other hand a considerable yield is observed in the removal of color with results between 60-70%, being aluminum sulfate the most suitable with 70,4%. These results can be explained due to the characteristics of the water since it contains a low concentration of TSS being rather 2,2% of the total solids content, which means that flocculation is not carried out efficiently. Therefore, it was concluded that, although the flocculation process is not efficient in this type of water due to its characteristics, it is recommended to carry out tests with the experimental flocculant in another type of water since it presents similar results to the most used commercial flocculants. Therefore, it could be a good alternative for the pretreatment of this or other waste.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Ambiental
Keywords
Lixiviación, Relleno sanitario, Floculación