Estudio de una mezcla de cáñamo y PLA como alternativa para filamento de impresión 3D.
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Se estudia la fabricación de una mezcla sostenible combinando ácido poliláctico (PLA) y fibra de cáñamo, para impresión 3D. Se procura mejorar la compatibilidad interfacial entre los dos materiales mediante tratamientos químicos en la fibra de cáñamo y la adición de compatibilizante durante su extrusión, el glicidil metacrilato (GMA), para mejorar las propiedades mecánicas del filamento resultante.
Durante el estudio, se realizaron tratamientos químicos a la fibra de cáñamo, tales como el lavado en base a NaOH y el proceso de cationización con cloruro de (3-cloro-hidroxipropil) trimetilamonio (EPTA), necesarios para mejorar la adhesión interfacial con el PLA. Luego, se hicieron las mezclas de PLA 95%, cáñamo 5% y GMA, con diferentes combinaciones, en una extrusora de doble tornillo para posteriormente obtener pellets. Estos se utilizaron para fabricar las probetas para los ensayos de tracción.
A través de los resultados se muestra que el uso de fibras de cáñamo tratadas, combinadas con GMA, mejora significativamente la resistencia a la tracción en comparación con las muestras sin tratamientos. Sin embargo, la resistencia a la tracción no alcanzo los valores del PLA puro, por lo tanto, limitando la viabilidad para las aplicaciones industriales.
En el análisis de costos muestra que los tratamientos químicos aumentan considerablemente los valores de fabricación, específicamente el uso de EPTA para el proceso de cationización, lo cual plantea un desafío para su implementación al mercado a gran escala. A pesar de las mejoras en las propiedades mecánicas, aun es necesario optimizar los tratamientos de cáñamo y abaratar los costos con el objetivo de lograr un filamento viable para el mercado.
The fabrication of a sustainable blend combining polylactic acid (PLA) and hemp fiber for 3D printing is studied. The aim is to improve the interfacial compatibility between the two materials through chemical treatments on the hemp fiber and the addition of a compatibilizer during extrusion, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), to enhance the mechanical properties of the resulting filament. During the study, chemical treatments were applied to the hemp fiber, such as NaOH washing and cationization with (3-chloro-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (EPTA), which are necessary to improve the interfacial adhesion with PLA. Then, mixtures of 95% PLA, 5% hemp, and GMA were prepared with different combinations in a twin-screw extruder to subsequently obtain pellets. These were used to fabricate the specimens for tensile tests. The results show that the use of treated hemp fibers, combined with GMA, significantly improves tensile strength compared to untreated samples. However, the tensile strength did not reach the values of pure PLA, thus limiting its viability for industrial applications. The cost analysis shows that chemical treatments considerably increase production costs, specifically the use of EPTA for the cationization process, which poses a challenge for large-scale market implementation. Despite improvements in mechanical properties, it is still necessary to optimize hemp treatments and reduce costs in order to achieve a viable filament for the market.
The fabrication of a sustainable blend combining polylactic acid (PLA) and hemp fiber for 3D printing is studied. The aim is to improve the interfacial compatibility between the two materials through chemical treatments on the hemp fiber and the addition of a compatibilizer during extrusion, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), to enhance the mechanical properties of the resulting filament. During the study, chemical treatments were applied to the hemp fiber, such as NaOH washing and cationization with (3-chloro-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (EPTA), which are necessary to improve the interfacial adhesion with PLA. Then, mixtures of 95% PLA, 5% hemp, and GMA were prepared with different combinations in a twin-screw extruder to subsequently obtain pellets. These were used to fabricate the specimens for tensile tests. The results show that the use of treated hemp fibers, combined with GMA, significantly improves tensile strength compared to untreated samples. However, the tensile strength did not reach the values of pure PLA, thus limiting its viability for industrial applications. The cost analysis shows that chemical treatments considerably increase production costs, specifically the use of EPTA for the cationization process, which poses a challenge for large-scale market implementation. Despite improvements in mechanical properties, it is still necessary to optimize hemp treatments and reduce costs in order to achieve a viable filament for the market.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Mecánico
Keywords
Cáñamo, Impresión tridimensional