Aislamiento y caracterización de un nuevo bacteriófago de Escherichia coli aislado desde aguas residuales chilenas.
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La resistencia a los antimicrobianos (RAM) supone una importante amenaza para la salud pública, agravada por la escasez de nuevos antibióticos y el aumento de superbacterias capaces de resistir a múltiples antibióticos. Para combatirla se necesitan esfuerzos urgentes y exhaustivos, así como estrategias alternativas. E. coli es una bacteria que vive en los intestinos de humanos y animales. Es el patógeno más frecuente que provoca cistitis no complicadas y da lugar a otras enfermedades extraintestinales, como neumonía, bacteriemia e infecciones abdominales como la peritonitis bacteriana espontánea. Los bacteriófagos se han considerado una alternativa potencial para tratar infecciones bacterianas que los antibióticos no pueden tratar. Nuestro objetivo era aislar fagos capaces de infectar cepas multirresistentes de E. coli. Aislamos un fago lítico mediante la técnica convencional de doble capa de agar (DLA), a partir de muestras de aguas residuales obtenidas de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de Concepción, Chile. El fago, denominado EcoPhCCP1, fue observado por TEM y se determinó su rango de hospedador utilizando múltiples cepas de E. coli mediante DLA. Además, se secuenció su genoma. El fago EcoPhCCP1 pertenece al género Kagunavirus. La microscopía electrónica de transmisión (MET) reveló su morfología, con una cabeza icosaédrica y una larga cola no contráctil. El genoma del fago EcoPhCCP1 tiene 44.482 pb de longitud, con un contenido de GC del 50,71%, y codifica 87 ORF, 33 de ellos con funciones conocidas. El fago EcoPhCCP1 puede infectar 4 cepas de E. coli. Se predijeron 8 proteínas putativas con funciones Anti CRISPR. El análisis completo del genoma del fago EcoPhCCP1 reveló la ausencia de genes deletéreos, como los asociados a la resistencia a los antibióticos, la lisogenia, las toxinas o los factores de virulencia.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant public health threat, worsened by the scarcity of new antibiotics and the rise of superbugs that can withstand multiple antibiotics. Urgent, comprehensive efforts and alternative strategies are needed to combat AMR. E. coli is a bacterium that lives in the intestines of humans and animals. It is the most common pathogen leading to uncomplicated cystitis, and results in other extraintestinal illnesses, including pneumonia, bacteremia, and abdominal infections such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Bacteriophages have been considered as a potential alternative to treat bacterial infections that antibiotics cannot. Our aim was to isolate phages able to infect multidrug-resistant strains of E. coli. We isolated one lytic phage by the conventional double layer agar technique (DLA), from wastewater samples obtained from wastewater treatment plant in Concepción, Chile. The phage, named EcoPhCCP1 was observed by TEM and its host range was determined using multiple strains of E. coli by DLA. Moreover, its genome was sequenced. Phage EcoPhCCP1 belongs to the Kagunavirus genus. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed his morphology, with an icosahedral head and a long non-contractile tail. The genome of phage EcoPhCCP1 is 44.482 bp in length with a GC content of 50.71%, encoding 87 ORFs, 33 of them with known functions. Phage EcoPhCCP1 can infect 4 strains of E. coli. 8 putative proteins were predicted with Anti CRISPR functions. The complete genome analysis of phage EcoPhCCP1 revealed the absence of deleterious genes, such as those associated with antibiotic resistance, lysogeny, toxins, or virulence factors.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant public health threat, worsened by the scarcity of new antibiotics and the rise of superbugs that can withstand multiple antibiotics. Urgent, comprehensive efforts and alternative strategies are needed to combat AMR. E. coli is a bacterium that lives in the intestines of humans and animals. It is the most common pathogen leading to uncomplicated cystitis, and results in other extraintestinal illnesses, including pneumonia, bacteremia, and abdominal infections such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Bacteriophages have been considered as a potential alternative to treat bacterial infections that antibiotics cannot. Our aim was to isolate phages able to infect multidrug-resistant strains of E. coli. We isolated one lytic phage by the conventional double layer agar technique (DLA), from wastewater samples obtained from wastewater treatment plant in Concepción, Chile. The phage, named EcoPhCCP1 was observed by TEM and its host range was determined using multiple strains of E. coli by DLA. Moreover, its genome was sequenced. Phage EcoPhCCP1 belongs to the Kagunavirus genus. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed his morphology, with an icosahedral head and a long non-contractile tail. The genome of phage EcoPhCCP1 is 44.482 bp in length with a GC content of 50.71%, encoding 87 ORFs, 33 of them with known functions. Phage EcoPhCCP1 can infect 4 strains of E. coli. 8 putative proteins were predicted with Anti CRISPR functions. The complete genome analysis of phage EcoPhCCP1 revealed the absence of deleterious genes, such as those associated with antibiotic resistance, lysogeny, toxins, or virulence factors.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Biólogo/a.
Keywords
Bacteriófagos, Escherichia coli, Aguas servidas, Farmacorresistencia microbiana