Propuesta para el desarrollo del riego, en el Valle del Catirai, comuna de Santa Juana, VIII Región.
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Date
2019
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La zona agrícola del secano abarca desde la V a VIII Región de Chile, donde habitan muchos pequeños productores. El desarrollo de la agricultura está limitado notablemente por las condiciones particulares de topografía, tipo de suelo, drenaje, nivel de degradación y las condiciones naturales del medio ambiente. Específicamente, la comuna de Santa Juana se encuentra ubicada en el valle del Catirai. Este valle está limitado desde el punto de vista agrícola debido al pobre drenaje que existe en invierno, y a un déficit hídrico importante en los meses de máxima demanda por la agricultura. En este estudio se proponen alternativas, para el desarrollo del riego del valle del Catirai mediante el uso de recursos hídricos superficiales que contribuirán a asegurar el agua para riego de la zona durante el periodo estival. Inicialmente se recopiló información de clima, suelos, y cultivos, que permitió determinar la demanda de agua de riego para la zona, bajo tres opciones de distribución de cultivos potenciales para la zona i) situación actual, ii) medianamente tecnificado y iii) altamente tecnificado. Posteriormente, con información de la disponibilidad técnica y legal de recursos hídricos en el río Lía se analizaron alternativas de trasvasije de los derechos de agua al valle del Catirai. Las alternativas analizadas fueron: i) Embalse en el río Lía y conducción de agua a través de un canal de hormigón al valle del Catirai, ii) Captación mediante bocatoma en el río Lía y canal de trasvase al valle del Catirai, iii) Embalse en el río Lía y canal de trasvasé al valle del Catirai, más embalse Pellines y iv) Captación mediante bocatoma en el río Lía y canal de trasvase al valle del Catirai, más embalse Pellines. De un análisis preliminar de estas alternativas es posible mencionar que la alternativa i) pareciera tener mejores condiciones en comparación a las otras alternativas, debido a la cantidad de derechos de agua inscritos a favor del fisco, haciendo posible el riego del valle del Catirai con un solo embalse. Sin embargo mayores análisis topográficos, económicos y geológicos son necesarios para una selección final.
Many Chilean small farmers are living in the arid countryside ranging between the V and VIII Region. Rural development is rather limited by particular conditions, such as topography, kind of soil, drainage, degradation level and natural environmental conditions. Specifically, the Santa Juana district is located in the Catirai valley. This valley has some limitations from an agricultural point of view due to poor water drainage in winter and severe water deficit during months of highest agricultural demand. This study includes several proposals of irrigation using superficial water resources that may contribute to assure water supply for irrigation of this area during summer. Initially, data were collected about climate, soil and crops to determine water demand for irrigation in the area considering three ways of distribution for potential crops in the area: i) actual case, ii) intermediate level of technology, iii) high-tech. Then, the possibility to transfer water rights to the Catirai valley was assessed based on information about technical and legal availability of water resources in the Lía River. The following cases were studied: i) Storage reservoir in the Lía River and water transport by way of a concrete made canal to the Catirai valley; ii) Capture by water intake in the Lía River and discharge canal to the Catirai valley; iii) Storage reservoir in the Lía River and discharge canal to the Catirai valley, as well as the storage reservoir Pellines; iv) Capture by water intake in the Lía River and discharge canal to the Catirai valley, as well as the storage reservoir Pellines. According to preliminary analysis of these cases it seems that the first case is the best choice compared to the other alternatives due to the amount of water rights assigned to tax authorities, allowing irrigation of the Catirai valley using just one storage reservoir. However, additional topographical, economical and geological analyses are necessary for a definitive choice.
Many Chilean small farmers are living in the arid countryside ranging between the V and VIII Region. Rural development is rather limited by particular conditions, such as topography, kind of soil, drainage, degradation level and natural environmental conditions. Specifically, the Santa Juana district is located in the Catirai valley. This valley has some limitations from an agricultural point of view due to poor water drainage in winter and severe water deficit during months of highest agricultural demand. This study includes several proposals of irrigation using superficial water resources that may contribute to assure water supply for irrigation of this area during summer. Initially, data were collected about climate, soil and crops to determine water demand for irrigation in the area considering three ways of distribution for potential crops in the area: i) actual case, ii) intermediate level of technology, iii) high-tech. Then, the possibility to transfer water rights to the Catirai valley was assessed based on information about technical and legal availability of water resources in the Lía River. The following cases were studied: i) Storage reservoir in the Lía River and water transport by way of a concrete made canal to the Catirai valley; ii) Capture by water intake in the Lía River and discharge canal to the Catirai valley; iii) Storage reservoir in the Lía River and discharge canal to the Catirai valley, as well as the storage reservoir Pellines; iv) Capture by water intake in the Lía River and discharge canal to the Catirai valley, as well as the storage reservoir Pellines. According to preliminary analysis of these cases it seems that the first case is the best choice compared to the other alternatives due to the amount of water rights assigned to tax authorities, allowing irrigation of the Catirai valley using just one storage reservoir. However, additional topographical, economical and geological analyses are necessary for a definitive choice.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Agrícola
Keywords
Ciudades y Comunidades Sostenibles, Embalses - Chile, Riego - Chile - Bío-bío (provincia), Agua Limpia y Saneamiento, Labranza