Evaluación de la aplicación de agua en riego por surco, para frutales con sistema de aducción de baja presión
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Date
2004
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Se analizó la condición actual del riego por surco con sistema de aducción de baja presión en un huerto de manzanas. Dicho análisis comenzó con la selección de las áreas en estudio y consistió en determinar las características físico-hídricas del suelo, los requerimientos hídricos del huerto, los tiempos de riego, las constantes de infiltración mediante el método de los Dos Puntos y los parámetros de calidad de riego a través del modelo de simulación de riego superficial volumen – balance.
A través de este estudio se concluyó que: El manejo actual de riego es irregular, pues utiliza caudales superiores al caudal máximo no erosivo, lo cual puede derivar en pérdidas de suelo por dicho proceso.
Respecto a los índices de calidad de riego, estos indican que se aplicó bien el agua y se cumplió con los requerimientos de la planta, sin embargo, no existe una adecuada relación entre las necesidades hídricas y la lámina de agua aplicada, siendo excesiva esta última, lo que deriva en importantes pérdidas de agua.
Se recomienda que para los cuarteles 4, 7 y 10, la frecuencia de riego sea de 12, 12 y 9 días respectivamente. Además, los tiempos de avance y de corte para los mismos cuarteles deben ser: 281 y 503 minutos, 212 y 478 minutos y 188 y 380 minutos, respectivamente.
The current condition of furrow irrigation was analyzed with the low pressure system distribution in an apple orchard. This analysis start with the selection of the areas in study and it consisted on determining the soil physic characteristics, the water requirements of orchards, the irrigation times, Infiltration constants through the two points method and the parameters of irrigation quality through the simulation of volume–balance model. Through this study, it is possible to establish the following conclusion: The current handling of irrigation is poor, because it uses furrow discharge larger than to the maximum non- erosive flow, which may produces soil loss due to this process. In regard of the indexes of irrigation quality, these show that the water was well applied and the requirements of the plant were fulfilled. However, there is no an appropriate relationship between the water requirements and the water applied, this last one being excessive, which derives in an important loss of water. It is recommended that for lots 4, 7 and 10, the irrigation frequency will be 12, 12 and 9 days respectively. Also, the advance times an cut of for the lots equals are: 281 and 503 minutes, 212 and 478 minutes and 188 and 380 minutes respectively .
The current condition of furrow irrigation was analyzed with the low pressure system distribution in an apple orchard. This analysis start with the selection of the areas in study and it consisted on determining the soil physic characteristics, the water requirements of orchards, the irrigation times, Infiltration constants through the two points method and the parameters of irrigation quality through the simulation of volume–balance model. Through this study, it is possible to establish the following conclusion: The current handling of irrigation is poor, because it uses furrow discharge larger than to the maximum non- erosive flow, which may produces soil loss due to this process. In regard of the indexes of irrigation quality, these show that the water was well applied and the requirements of the plant were fulfilled. However, there is no an appropriate relationship between the water requirements and the water applied, this last one being excessive, which derives in an important loss of water. It is recommended that for lots 4, 7 and 10, the irrigation frequency will be 12, 12 and 9 days respectively. Also, the advance times an cut of for the lots equals are: 281 and 503 minutes, 212 and 478 minutes and 188 and 380 minutes respectively .
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Agrícola
Keywords
Árboles frutales, Riego por surcos, Manzanos