Efecto del pH en la morfofisiología en Chenopodium quinoa willd (Amaranthaceae).
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Date
2023
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Los cambios de pH en el suelo pueden alterar sus propiedades químicas, cambiando la capacidad de las especies vegetales de absorber nutrientes. Chile posee un gradiente latitudinal de pH, sin embargo, el efecto del pH sobre las respuestas fisiológicas de plantas y cultivos ha sido poco estudiado. Chenopodium quinoa posee una gran distribución de Norte a Sur en Chile, encontrándose ecotipos adaptados a zonas de suelos con pH alcalinos y ácidos. En esta tesis estudiamos del efecto de un rango de pH (2.5, 5.5 y 8.5) sobre el crecimiento de C. quinoa, del ecotipo Socaire, cultivado en los suelos de la zona norte/Andina del país. Evaluamos parámetros biométricos como la altura, número de hojas, biomasa foliar y radicular, longitud y extensión de las raíces y parámetros fisiológicos como el nivel de pigmentos y la fluorescencia de la clorofila a. Nuestros resultados muestran que la biomasa total, foliar y radicular, longitud y extensión de raíces y parámetros fotoquímicos que tienden a disminuir con un incremento de la acidez. Probablemente esta respuesta se deba a un efecto restrictivo en la adquisición de nutrientes o la intoxicación por elementos minerales tóxicos que en condiciones de acidez se vuelven más biodisponibles para las plantas. Consistentemente con el lugar de origen del ecotipo Socaire el pH 8.5 fue el más beneficioso para las plantas de quinoa. Probablemente este ecotipo al tener su origen en suelos básicos, ha generado estrategias para poder adquirir los nutrientes necesarios para su óptimo desarrollo. Nuestros hallazgos abren nuevas interrogantes acerca de los mecanismos que subyacen la exitosa respuesta de este ecotipo a condiciones alcalinas de suelo.
Changes in soil pH can alter its chemical properties, compromising the ability of plant to absorb nutrients. Chile has a latitudinal pH gradient, however, the effect of pH on plant physiological responses has been little studied Chenopodium quinoa wich has a wide distribution from north to south in Chile, with ecotypes adapted to alkaline and acidic pH soils. In this thesis we studied the effect of a pH range (2.5, 5.5 and 8.5) on the growth of C. quinoa, ecotype Socaire, that is able to grown in soils of the northern/Andean zone of the country. We evaluated parameters such as % germination and % survival, biometric parameters such as height, number of leaves, leaf and root biomass, root length and extension, and physiological parameters such as pigment level and chlorophyll a fluorescence. Our results show that % germination and survival, total, leaf and root biomass, root length and spread, and photochemical parameters tend to decrease with increasing acidity. This response is probably due to a restrictive effect on the acquisition of nutrients or intoxication by toxic mineral elements that become more bioavailable to the plants in the presence of acidity. Consistent with the place of origin of the Socaire ecotype, pH 8.5 was the most beneficial for quinoa plants. Probably Socaire with its origin in basic soils, has generated strategies to be able to acquire the necessary nutrients for its optimal development. Our findings open new questions about the mechanisms underlying the successful response of this ecotype to alkaline soil conditions.
Changes in soil pH can alter its chemical properties, compromising the ability of plant to absorb nutrients. Chile has a latitudinal pH gradient, however, the effect of pH on plant physiological responses has been little studied Chenopodium quinoa wich has a wide distribution from north to south in Chile, with ecotypes adapted to alkaline and acidic pH soils. In this thesis we studied the effect of a pH range (2.5, 5.5 and 8.5) on the growth of C. quinoa, ecotype Socaire, that is able to grown in soils of the northern/Andean zone of the country. We evaluated parameters such as % germination and % survival, biometric parameters such as height, number of leaves, leaf and root biomass, root length and extension, and physiological parameters such as pigment level and chlorophyll a fluorescence. Our results show that % germination and survival, total, leaf and root biomass, root length and spread, and photochemical parameters tend to decrease with increasing acidity. This response is probably due to a restrictive effect on the acquisition of nutrients or intoxication by toxic mineral elements that become more bioavailable to the plants in the presence of acidity. Consistent with the place of origin of the Socaire ecotype, pH 8.5 was the most beneficial for quinoa plants. Probably Socaire with its origin in basic soils, has generated strategies to be able to acquire the necessary nutrients for its optimal development. Our findings open new questions about the mechanisms underlying the successful response of this ecotype to alkaline soil conditions.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al al título profesional de Biólogo/a
Keywords
Ph, Acidez del suelo, Chenopodium quinoa