Prueba de campo de un sistema automàtico de control de dosis variable de fertilizante
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Date
2010
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Se implementó y probó en terreno un sistema de control automático de dosis variable de fertilizante en un ensayo de siembra de trigo de primavera.
El sistema se compone de un microcontrolador, una pantalla LCD, una electroválvula proporcional de control de flujo hidráulico, un sensor de velocidad de rotación y un motor hidráulico montado sobre el eje dosificador de la máquina sembradora. El software de control utiliza el mapa de prescripción de dosis de fertilizante, basado en un mapa de fertilidad de suelo previamente determinado. El sistema se probó en una siembra experimental de 0,6 hectáreas aplicándose un diseño experimental de cuatro tratamientos al azar y tres repeticiones. Para elaborar el mapa de dosis de aplicación previamente se tomaron 21 muestras para análisis de fertilidad de suelo. Se probó una dosis fija y una dosis variable de mezcla física NP y una dosis fija y una dosis variable de Basacote Starter ® que es un fertilizante alternativo de liberación controlada. Se midió la cantidad de fertilizante aplicado en terreno en cada caso y se comparó con la dosis programada, para distintas resoluciones espaciales: 1 m, 2 m, 3 m , 4 m y 5 m de desplazamiento de la sembradora. El error de distribución se situó aproximadamente entre 20% y 29% a un metro de resolución y disminuyó a valores comprendidos entre 12% y 14% a cinco metros de resolución, para el conjunto de los tratamientos.
An automatic system to control variable dose of fertilizer was implemented and tested in an experimental spring wheat crop. The system includes a microcontroller, a screen LCD, an electro valve of proportional flow control, a rotational speed sensor and a hydraulic motor mounted on the shaft of the dispenser of the seeding machine. The control software uses the map of prescription of fertilizer dosage previously determined from a map of soil fertility. The system was tested in an experimental crop of 0,6 hectares using an experimental design of four randomized treatments and three repetitions. In order to develop the map of dose of application, previously 21 samples of soil were taken for analysis of soil fertility. The treatments were a fix dose and a variable dose of physical mixture NP and a fix dose and a variable dose of Basacote Starter ® which is an alternative fertilizer of controlled liberation. The amount of fertilizer applied in the field in each case was measured and it was compared with the prescribed dose for spatial resolutions at: 1 m, 2 m, 3 m, 4 m and 5 m of seeder displacement. The error of distributions was near between 20% and 29% at 1 m of resolution and decreased to values between 12% and 14% at 5 m of resolution for the whole set of treatments.
An automatic system to control variable dose of fertilizer was implemented and tested in an experimental spring wheat crop. The system includes a microcontroller, a screen LCD, an electro valve of proportional flow control, a rotational speed sensor and a hydraulic motor mounted on the shaft of the dispenser of the seeding machine. The control software uses the map of prescription of fertilizer dosage previously determined from a map of soil fertility. The system was tested in an experimental crop of 0,6 hectares using an experimental design of four randomized treatments and three repetitions. In order to develop the map of dose of application, previously 21 samples of soil were taken for analysis of soil fertility. The treatments were a fix dose and a variable dose of physical mixture NP and a fix dose and a variable dose of Basacote Starter ® which is an alternative fertilizer of controlled liberation. The amount of fertilizer applied in the field in each case was measured and it was compared with the prescribed dose for spatial resolutions at: 1 m, 2 m, 3 m, 4 m and 5 m of seeder displacement. The error of distributions was near between 20% and 29% at 1 m of resolution and decreased to values between 12% and 14% at 5 m of resolution for the whole set of treatments.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Agrícola
Keywords
Agricultura de precisión, Fertilizante, Riego - Chile