Evaluación y programación de un sistema de riego por goteo en arándanos (Vaccinium sp.) Agrícola Santa Catalina, Ñuble, VIII Región
Loading...
Date
2007
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El estudio se desarrolló en un predio de la sociedad Agrícola Santa Catalina, ubicado a 15 km al este de la ciudad de Chillán, provincia de Ñuble, VIII Región, durante la temporada 2006-2007, y tuvo como objetivo evaluar la aplicación de agua de riego por goteo en una plantación comercial de arándanos.
La evaluación y programación de los tiempos de riego se realizó en 9 sectores del predio, con plantas de diferente edad y cobertura vegetal. En cada uno de ellos se analizó la calidad de riego en términos del Coeficiente de Uniformidad (CUC) y Eficiencia de Distribución Total (EDT). La programación de riego se basó en la predicción de la evapotranspiración de referencia a partir del modelo de Hargreaves y Samani ajustado para la localidad de Chillán, evaluando su efecto en el contenido de humedad del suelo a lo largo de la temporada.
Se obtuvieron valores de Eficiencia de Distribución Total cercanos al 93%, lo que significa que los tiempos de riego cumplen con los requerimientos de agua de la planta, situación que no ocurría antes del inicio de la programación del riego, en donde la EDT fue del 40%. El CUC se mantuvo con valores superiores al 90% a lo largo de la temporada en cada uno de los sectores analizados, lo que se atribuye a la permanente regulación de la presión de salida de las válvulas, permitiendo tener un caudal homogéneo y cercano al nominal. El contenido de humedad del suelo se mantuvo estable a lo largo de la temporada de la programación del riego en cada sector y no hubo diferencias importantes adentro y afuera del bulbo húmedo, principalmente en las últimas estratas. Asimismo, en el monitoreo de la humedad del suelo a través de la temporada, se reflejó una diferencia importante entre la metodología utilizada en este estudio - con la programación de los tiempos de riego estimados a partir del modelo de Hargreaves y Samani - y la practicada por el agricultor en la estimación de los requerimientos de agua del cultivo.
The study was carried out in a farm of the Santa Catalina enterprise agricultural, located 15 km east of Chillán city, province of Ñuble, during the 2006-2007 season. The purpose was to evaluate a drip irrigation systems to a blueberry orchard (Vaccinium sp.). The evaluation and irrigation time scheduling was carried out in 9 sectors of the farm, with plants of different age and canopy. The irrigation performance was analyzed by parameters on the basis of Coefficient of Uniformity (CUC), Total Distribution Efficiency (EDT) and soil water moisture. The irrigation schedulig was based on the daily prediction of the reference evapotranspiración made by the Hargreaves and Samani model fitted for Chillán. EDT values near to 93 % were obtained which means that the water applied matched the plant water requirements, situation that did not occurred before the beginning of the irrigation programming, where the EDT was 40 %. The CUC was above 90 % along the season in each one of the analyzed sectors, due to the permanent regulation of the exit pressure of the valves, allowing permitting a homogeneous water flow and near to the nominal one. During the irrigation programining season the soil water content was kept constant in every sector and there were no important differences in and out of the humid bulb. Likewise, in the monitoring of the soil moisture along the season, important differences were reflected between the methodology used in this study (the programming of the irrigation times estimated by the Hargreaves and Samani model) and the methodology used by the farmer in the estimation of the water requirements of the blueberry orchad.
The study was carried out in a farm of the Santa Catalina enterprise agricultural, located 15 km east of Chillán city, province of Ñuble, during the 2006-2007 season. The purpose was to evaluate a drip irrigation systems to a blueberry orchard (Vaccinium sp.). The evaluation and irrigation time scheduling was carried out in 9 sectors of the farm, with plants of different age and canopy. The irrigation performance was analyzed by parameters on the basis of Coefficient of Uniformity (CUC), Total Distribution Efficiency (EDT) and soil water moisture. The irrigation schedulig was based on the daily prediction of the reference evapotranspiración made by the Hargreaves and Samani model fitted for Chillán. EDT values near to 93 % were obtained which means that the water applied matched the plant water requirements, situation that did not occurred before the beginning of the irrigation programming, where the EDT was 40 %. The CUC was above 90 % along the season in each one of the analyzed sectors, due to the permanent regulation of the exit pressure of the valves, allowing permitting a homogeneous water flow and near to the nominal one. During the irrigation programining season the soil water content was kept constant in every sector and there were no important differences in and out of the humid bulb. Likewise, in the monitoring of the soil moisture along the season, important differences were reflected between the methodology used in this study (the programming of the irrigation times estimated by the Hargreaves and Samani model) and the methodology used by the farmer in the estimation of the water requirements of the blueberry orchad.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Agrícola
Keywords
Riego por goteo, Arándanos - Chile, Agricultura de precisión