Análisis técnico-económico de sistemas de riego presurizado en frutales del valle de Peumo
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Date
2007
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El estudio se realizó en el Valle de Peumo, Provincia del Cachapoal – Sexta Región, en el marco del Proyecto FONDEF D02I – 1146. El objetivo general del estudio fue evaluar técnica y económicamente cuatro sistemas de riego presurizado que operan en cultivos de palto y naranjo, con el propósito de conocer los consumos anuales de agua, energía eléctrica y costos anuales equivalentes (CAE) a lo largo de una vida útil de 20 años. Se determinó volúmenes de agua aplicada por hectárea, porcentaje de suelo húmedo por árbol, pérdidas de carga en subunidades de riego y en tuberías principales, el consumo anual de energía eléctrica según el tiempo de operación actual y un tiempo de operación de diseño; se determinó también la potencia demandada y la eficiencia de operación de los equipos de bombeo. El análisis de costos determinó costos fijos y variables anualizados considerando una tasa de interés del 8% anual sobre el capital invertido y una tasa de aumento del precio de la energía del 5% anual para un horizonte de 20 años.
En base a un criterio de reposición de agua del 80% de los requerimientos por planta, se diseñaron sistemas de riego presurizado alternativos a los instalados en cada predio, cuyas propuestas consideraron la disminución en el uso de agua para determinar eventuales reducciones en el consumo anual de energía eléctrica y en los CAE, respecto a la operación de los sistemas instalados. La comparación entre sistemas de riego presurizado instalados y sistemas propuestos, reflejó una disminución promedio del agua aplicada en 2.000 m3 ha-1 año-1, mientras el consumo anual de energía eléctrica se redujo un mínimo de 240 kWh y un máximo de 1.120 kWh por hectárea regada. La instalación y operación de los sistemas de riego propuestos en contraposición a los sistemas de riego presurizado instalados proyectó una disminución promedio en el costo anual equivalente de UF 3 por hectárea regada.
The study was carried out in the Peumo Valley, Province of Cachapoal - Sixth Region of Chile, inside the frame of FONDEF D02I Project. The general objective of the study was to evaluate, technically and economically, four pressurized irrigation systems that operate in avocado and orange orchards. In order to estimate the equivalent annual costs (CAE) of each system, the annual water applied and electrical energy consumptions were determined through a system life cycle of 20 years. The systems were evaluated technically by determining: the volume of water applied by hectare, the percentage of soil humidity by tree, the pressure loss in subunits of irrigation in distribution pipes, the annual consumption of electrical energy according to the actual time of operation and the time of operation according to the system design, the power demand and the operation efficiency of the pumping equipment. During the costs analysis, the fixed costs and variable annual costs were determined considering an annual interest rate of 8% on the invested capital and an annual increment rate of 5% on the price of electrical energy within a 20 years period. On the basis of a criteria of replacement of 80% of the water plant requirements, alternative irrigation systems were designed and compared to the installed ones. These design proposals considered the decrease in the applied water to determine the possible reductions in the annual consumption of electrical energy and therefore in the CAE in relation to the operation of the installed systems. The comparison between the installed irrigation systems and the proposed ones indicates that the average decrease in the application of water is 2.000m3ha-1year-1, while the annual consumption of electrical energy is reduced by a minimum of 240 to a maximum of 1,120 kWh by irrigated hectare. The installation and operation of the proposed irrigation systems in contrast to the installed systems projected an average decrease in the annual cost of UF 3 (about US$ 110) by irrigated hectare.
The study was carried out in the Peumo Valley, Province of Cachapoal - Sixth Region of Chile, inside the frame of FONDEF D02I Project. The general objective of the study was to evaluate, technically and economically, four pressurized irrigation systems that operate in avocado and orange orchards. In order to estimate the equivalent annual costs (CAE) of each system, the annual water applied and electrical energy consumptions were determined through a system life cycle of 20 years. The systems were evaluated technically by determining: the volume of water applied by hectare, the percentage of soil humidity by tree, the pressure loss in subunits of irrigation in distribution pipes, the annual consumption of electrical energy according to the actual time of operation and the time of operation according to the system design, the power demand and the operation efficiency of the pumping equipment. During the costs analysis, the fixed costs and variable annual costs were determined considering an annual interest rate of 8% on the invested capital and an annual increment rate of 5% on the price of electrical energy within a 20 years period. On the basis of a criteria of replacement of 80% of the water plant requirements, alternative irrigation systems were designed and compared to the installed ones. These design proposals considered the decrease in the applied water to determine the possible reductions in the annual consumption of electrical energy and therefore in the CAE in relation to the operation of the installed systems. The comparison between the installed irrigation systems and the proposed ones indicates that the average decrease in the application of water is 2.000m3ha-1year-1, while the annual consumption of electrical energy is reduced by a minimum of 240 to a maximum of 1,120 kWh by irrigated hectare. The installation and operation of the proposed irrigation systems in contrast to the installed systems projected an average decrease in the annual cost of UF 3 (about US$ 110) by irrigated hectare.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Agrícola
Keywords
Riego, Riego presurizado