Acuerdo por la Paz Social y la Nueva Constitución: un estudio desde la perspectiva del análisis positivo del discurso de un evento de acuerdo político en la historia reciente de Chile.
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Date
2025
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
En la historia reciente de Chile, el Acuerdo por la Paz Social y la Nueva Constitución representa un acto exitoso de negociación política entre partidos oficialistas y de oposición para dar una salida democrática y pacífica a la crisis social y política ocurrida en Chile en octubre de 2019 tras el estallido social. El objetivo del presente estudio es sistematizar los significados valorativos desplegados en el documento presentado a la ciudadanía y en las entrevistas realizadas a los firmantes, desde la perspectiva del Análisis Positivo del Discurso. El diseño metodológico combina recursos del sistema de VALORACIÓN con categorías de análisis sociopragmáticas (Evaluación, Relaciones y Moralidad) con el fin de evaluar las áreas semántico discursivas de acuerdo y describir los elementos macro contextuales que influyeron en este hito histórico. Los hallazgos dan cuenta de cómo en un contexto de crisis social – marcado por la violencia del estallido, la desconfianza de la ciudadanía en la clase política, la presión gubernamental y las disputas atávicas entre partidos políticos – los firmantes del documento de acuerdo cedieron de poder de decisión a la ciudadanía con el fin de restablecer la paz social. A nivel discursivo, la valoración positiva de valores transversales como la paz social, la participación ciudadana y la estabilidad institucional junto a un trabajo relacional basado en la cooperación, la transigencia y principios morales durante la negociación constituyeron puentes de acuerdo para lograr el bien superior de la comunidad chilena en tiempos de crisis.
In Chile's recent history, the Agreement for Social Peace and the New Constitution represents a successful act of political negotiation between ruling and opposition parties to provide a democratic and peaceful solution to the social and political crisis that occurred in Chile in October 2019 following the social unrest. The objective of this study is to systematize the evaluative meanings deployed in the document presented to the public and in the interviews conducted with the signatories, from the perspective of Positive Discourse Analysis. The methodological design combines resources from the Appraisal system with sociopragmatic categories of analysis (Evaluation, Relationships and Morality) in order to evaluate the discursive semantic areas of agreement and describe the macro-contextual elements that influenced this historic milestone. Findings show how, in a context of social crisis – marked by violent unrest, public distrust of the political class, government pressure, and long-standing disputes between political parties – the signatories of the agreement document ceded decision- making power to the public in order to restore social peace. At the discursive level, the positive assessment of cross-cutting values such as social peace, citizen participation, and institutional stability, together with relational work based on cooperation, compromise, and moral principles during the negotiation, constituted bridges of agreement to achieve the greater good of the Chilean community in times of social turmoil.
In Chile's recent history, the Agreement for Social Peace and the New Constitution represents a successful act of political negotiation between ruling and opposition parties to provide a democratic and peaceful solution to the social and political crisis that occurred in Chile in October 2019 following the social unrest. The objective of this study is to systematize the evaluative meanings deployed in the document presented to the public and in the interviews conducted with the signatories, from the perspective of Positive Discourse Analysis. The methodological design combines resources from the Appraisal system with sociopragmatic categories of analysis (Evaluation, Relationships and Morality) in order to evaluate the discursive semantic areas of agreement and describe the macro-contextual elements that influenced this historic milestone. Findings show how, in a context of social crisis – marked by violent unrest, public distrust of the political class, government pressure, and long-standing disputes between political parties – the signatories of the agreement document ceded decision- making power to the public in order to restore social peace. At the discursive level, the positive assessment of cross-cutting values such as social peace, citizen participation, and institutional stability, together with relational work based on cooperation, compromise, and moral principles during the negotiation, constituted bridges of agreement to achieve the greater good of the Chilean community in times of social turmoil.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Doctor en Lingüística.
Keywords
Análisis del discurso, Lingüística, Política social, Movimientos sociales Chile 2019-