Efecto de tres tasas de riego en el movimiento de sales en cultivo de melón (Cucumis melo) Cultivar Galia, en Micro Canchones y en Camellón, en la Pampa del Tamarugal
Loading...
Date
2008
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Se realizó un ensayo en la Estación Experimental Canchones de la Universidad Arturo Prat, en la Pampa del Tamarugal, Provincia de Iquique, Comuna de Pozo Almonte, Región de Tarapacá, Chile (coordenadas U.T.M. 443.910,102 m Este, 7.739.141,64 m Sur, huso 19, WGS 1984), para evaluar el efecto de tres tasas de riego calculada en base al equivalente de evaporación de bandeja y la ubicación en el suelo para manejar la salinidad del suelo.
Se estableció un arreglo factorial de 3 * 2, consistente en las tasas de riego con el 50%, 100% y 150% de equivalente a evaporación de bandeja y dos ubicaciones de la planta en el suelo, una en un micro canchón y la segunda en el camellón. Se utilizó un sistema de riego por goteo, con goteros de caudal de descarga de 2 litros hr-1, ubicados a 0,50 metro y 1,60 metros entre líneas de tuberías de polietileno de 16 mm. Se consideraron seis sectores de riego de 10 metros de largo, con 10 líneas cada uno (160 m²), no se consideró para las mediciones las líneas de los bordes de cada sector ni los dos metros iniciales y finales de cada línea. Se regó en forma diaria, dos veces al día. La fertilización se realizó mediante fertirriego.
En la siembra, se dejaron 2 semillas bajo el gotero, considerando una población equivalente a 25.000 plantas ha-1.Los análisis de suelo indican que en la misma línea de riego la conductividad delextracto de saturación es menor en las muestras bajo en gotero y aumenta al alejarse del gotero, para reducir la conductividad el la muestra a continuación, debido a que esta última se encuentra afectada por el aporte de agua del siguiente gotero. En forma perpendicular a la línea de riego, la conductividad del extracto de saturación se incrementa a medida que se aleja del gotero. En todos los casos analizados la conductividad del extracto de saturación es mayor en las muestras de 0 a 20 cm que en las muestras de 20 a 40 cm, lo que indicaría que existe un movimiento de sales en forma ascendente.
Los resultados analizados estadísticamente indican que la tasa que logró el mejor rendimiento es la que consideró el 150% de equivalente de evaporación de bandeja (p < 0,01), con rendimiento de 36.188 kg ha-1, con una mayor distribución de categoría Primera (comercial) y la ubicación de la planta no presentó diferencias estadísticas significativas.
A test was made in the Estación Experimental Canchones of the Universidad Arturo Prat, in Pampa del Tamarugal, Provincia de Iquique, Comuna de Pozo Almonte, Region of Tarapacá, Chile (coordinates U. T. M. 443.910,102 m Est, 7.739.141, 64 m South, huso 19, WGS 1984), to evaluate the effect of three rates of irrigation calculated on the basis of equivalent of evaporation of tray and the location in the ground to handle the salinity of the ground. A test factorial of 3 * 2, consisting of settled down adjustment the rates of irrigation with 50%, 100% and 150% of equivalent to evaporation of tray and two locations of the plant in the ground, one in micro canchón and second in the ridge. A system of irrigation by dripping was used, with volume of unloading of 2 liters hr-1, located to 50 cm between drip and 1.60 between lines of polyethylene pipes of 16 mm. Six sectors of irrigation of 10 meters in length were considered, with 10 lines each one (160 ms ²), it both did not consider for the measurements the lines of the edges of each sector nor initial and final meters of each line. It was watered in daily form, twice to the day. The fertilization was made by means of fertirriego. They left to 2 seeds under the drip, considering a population equivalent to 25,000 plants ha-1. The ground analyses indicate that in the same line of irrigation the conductivity of the saturation extract is smaller in the samples low in drip and increases in the following sample to reduce the sample next, because this last one is affected by the water contribution of the following drip. In perpendicular form, the conductivity of the extract is increased as it moves away of the drip. In all the analyzed cases the conductivity of the saturation extract is greater in the samples of 0 to 20 cm that in the samples of 20 to 40 cm, which would indicate that a movement of salts in ascending form exists. The results analyzed statistically indicate that the rate that obtained the best yield is the one than considered the 150% of equivalent of evaporation of tray (p <0.01), with yield of 36,188 kg has-1, a greater distribution of category First (commercial) and the location of the plant did not present/display significant statistical differences.
Departamento de Recursos Hídricos
A test was made in the Estación Experimental Canchones of the Universidad Arturo Prat, in Pampa del Tamarugal, Provincia de Iquique, Comuna de Pozo Almonte, Region of Tarapacá, Chile (coordinates U. T. M. 443.910,102 m Est, 7.739.141, 64 m South, huso 19, WGS 1984), to evaluate the effect of three rates of irrigation calculated on the basis of equivalent of evaporation of tray and the location in the ground to handle the salinity of the ground. A test factorial of 3 * 2, consisting of settled down adjustment the rates of irrigation with 50%, 100% and 150% of equivalent to evaporation of tray and two locations of the plant in the ground, one in micro canchón and second in the ridge. A system of irrigation by dripping was used, with volume of unloading of 2 liters hr-1, located to 50 cm between drip and 1.60 between lines of polyethylene pipes of 16 mm. Six sectors of irrigation of 10 meters in length were considered, with 10 lines each one (160 ms ²), it both did not consider for the measurements the lines of the edges of each sector nor initial and final meters of each line. It was watered in daily form, twice to the day. The fertilization was made by means of fertirriego. They left to 2 seeds under the drip, considering a population equivalent to 25,000 plants ha-1. The ground analyses indicate that in the same line of irrigation the conductivity of the saturation extract is smaller in the samples low in drip and increases in the following sample to reduce the sample next, because this last one is affected by the water contribution of the following drip. In perpendicular form, the conductivity of the extract is increased as it moves away of the drip. In all the analyzed cases the conductivity of the saturation extract is greater in the samples of 0 to 20 cm that in the samples of 20 to 40 cm, which would indicate that a movement of salts in ascending form exists. The results analyzed statistically indicate that the rate that obtained the best yield is the one than considered the 150% of equivalent of evaporation of tray (p <0.01), with yield of 36,188 kg has-1, a greater distribution of category First (commercial) and the location of the plant did not present/display significant statistical differences.
Departamento de Recursos Hídricos
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Ingeniería Agrícola con mención en Recursos Hídricos
Keywords
Melones, Riego por goteo, Fertirrigación