Qué posibilidad tienen las viviendas industrializadas en madera de mediana altura en contribuir a la economía circular en la construcción.
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Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La investigación aborda la problemática de la sostenibilidad y economía circular en el sector construcción en Chile, específicamente en viviendas industrializadas de madera de mediana altura, donde existe una brecha significativa en la implementación de principios de diseño para el desmontaje y adaptabilidad (en adelante DfD/A). Este concepto del DfD/A se considera como un diseño que pretende maximizar la conservación de los materiales en consideración a la gestión del final del servicio. Los edificios diseñados para el desmontaje son adaptables y esta estrategia evita la demolición, además, permite diseñar edificios que se puedan modificar en el futuro y, en última instancia, desmontar (en parte o en su totalidad) para la recuperación de componentes y materiales con el objetivo de cambiar lo que se viene desarrollando de economía lineal por economía circular.
El estudio se centra en el Proyecto Vivienda industrializada DS49 - Lo Espejo, primera vivienda social modular industrializada en madera en Chile, evaluando su potencial contribución a la economía circular. El objetivo general es analizar la contribución de las viviendas industrializadas en madera de mediana altura a la economía circular en la construcción, mediante el estudio de sus características técnicas, impacto ambiental y estrategias de desmontaje y reutilización. Los objetivos específicos comprenden: identificar las características técnicas y constructivas que faciliten el desmontaje y reutilización, y determinar criterios de desmontaje según normativas y estándares internacionales que son base de esta investigación como la UNE-ISO 20887:2023 - Sostenibilidad en edificación y obras de ingeniería civil: diseño para desmontaje y adaptabilidad (Organización Internacional de Estandarización, 2023) (en adelante ISO-20887). Para Chile, se complementa con la información de la “Hoja de ruta para un Chile circular al 2040” elaborada por el Ministerio del medio ambiente (2021) (en adelante MMA) que resulta ser similar a lo proyectado en Canadá mediante el informe final “Economía Circular y el entorno construido sector Canadá” (The Delphi Group, 2021). La metodología empleada es cualitativa descriptiva, incluyendo visitas a terreno para observación directa, análisis planimétrico de documentación técnica, y evaluación comparativa mediante matriz de evaluación de viabilidad basadas en la normativa internacional ISO-20887 que se considera como un estándar vinculante a las normativas nacionales.
El estudio concluye que existe una brecha significativa entre las prácticas actuales en Chile y los estándares internacionales de construcción circular, identificando oportunidades de mejora como la implementación de conexiones reversibles, desarrollo de sistemas modulares estandarizados, y planificación integral del ciclo de vida del edificio.
This research addresses the issue of sustainability and circular economy in the construction sector in Chile, specifically in mid-rise industrialized wooden housing, where there is a significant gap in the implementation of Design for Disassembly and Adaptability (hereinafter DfD/A) principles. The DfD/A concept is considered a design approach aimed at maximizing material conservation while taking end-of-life management into account. Buildings designed for disassembly are adaptable, preventing demolition and allowing for future modifications and, ultimately, disassembly (partially or entirely) for the recovery of components and materials with the aim of shifting from a linear economy to a circular economy. The study focuses on the DS49 Industrialized Housing Project - Lo Espejo, the first modular social housing project built with wood in Chile, evaluating its potential contribution to the circular economy. The main objective is to analyze the contribution of mid-rise industrialized wooden housing to the circular economy in construction by studying its technical characteristics, environmental impact, and disassembly and reuse strategies. The specific objectives include: identifying technical and construction features that facilitate disassembly and reuse and determining disassembly criteria based on international regulations and standards that form the basis of this research, such as UNE-ISO 20887:2023 - Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works: Design for disassembly and adaptability (International Organization for Standardization, 2023) (hereinafter ISO-20887). For Chile, this is complemented by information from the "Roadmap for a Circular Chile by 2040", developed by the Ministry of the Environment (2021) (hereinafter MMA), which aligns with the strategies projected in Canada through the Final Report on “Circular Economy and the Built Environment Sector” (The Delphi Group, 2021). The methodology used is qualitative and descriptive, including field visits for direct observation, a planimetric analysis of technical documentation, and a comparative evaluation through a feasibility assessment matrix based on the international ISO-20887 standard, which is considered a binding reference for national regulations. The study concludes that there is a significant gap between current practices in Chile and international circular construction standards, identifying opportunities for improvement such as the implementation of reversible connections, the development of standardized modular systems, and the comprehensive planning of the building's life cycle.
This research addresses the issue of sustainability and circular economy in the construction sector in Chile, specifically in mid-rise industrialized wooden housing, where there is a significant gap in the implementation of Design for Disassembly and Adaptability (hereinafter DfD/A) principles. The DfD/A concept is considered a design approach aimed at maximizing material conservation while taking end-of-life management into account. Buildings designed for disassembly are adaptable, preventing demolition and allowing for future modifications and, ultimately, disassembly (partially or entirely) for the recovery of components and materials with the aim of shifting from a linear economy to a circular economy. The study focuses on the DS49 Industrialized Housing Project - Lo Espejo, the first modular social housing project built with wood in Chile, evaluating its potential contribution to the circular economy. The main objective is to analyze the contribution of mid-rise industrialized wooden housing to the circular economy in construction by studying its technical characteristics, environmental impact, and disassembly and reuse strategies. The specific objectives include: identifying technical and construction features that facilitate disassembly and reuse and determining disassembly criteria based on international regulations and standards that form the basis of this research, such as UNE-ISO 20887:2023 - Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works: Design for disassembly and adaptability (International Organization for Standardization, 2023) (hereinafter ISO-20887). For Chile, this is complemented by information from the "Roadmap for a Circular Chile by 2040", developed by the Ministry of the Environment (2021) (hereinafter MMA), which aligns with the strategies projected in Canada through the Final Report on “Circular Economy and the Built Environment Sector” (The Delphi Group, 2021). The methodology used is qualitative and descriptive, including field visits for direct observation, a planimetric analysis of technical documentation, and a comparative evaluation through a feasibility assessment matrix based on the international ISO-20887 standard, which is considered a binding reference for national regulations. The study concludes that there is a significant gap between current practices in Chile and international circular construction standards, identifying opportunities for improvement such as the implementation of reversible connections, the development of standardized modular systems, and the comprehensive planning of the building's life cycle.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al grado de Magíster en Construcción Industrializada en Madera
Keywords
Construcción industrializada, Economia circular, Materiales de construcción, Madera