Análisis del establecimiento de Typha y Phragmites en humedales artificiales de flujo superficial y subsuperficial
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Date
2010
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Los humedales artificiales representan una alternativa atractiva para la depuración de aguas residuales orgánicas. Sin embargo, existen interrogantes sobre el diseño, la construcción y la operación de estos sistemas en la Zona Central de Chile.
Este trabajo presenta información basada en una revisión del estado del arte y la construcción de dos prototipos de humedales artificiales de flujo superficial y subsuperficial. Se analizó la información referente a la construcción, diseño y operación de humedales artificiales, y el establecimiento de las plantas existentes localmente, destacándose algunas variables que influyen en el rendimiento de un humedal, como son la altura de agua y la disponibilidad de oxigeno que afectan el proceso de nitrificación y desnitrificación. Algunos aspectos y variables que afectan la construcción y el diseño son: la topografía, el tiempo de residencia, la profundidad radicular y la altura de agua.
Se construyeron dos prototipos de humedales con el fin de alcanzar el establecimiento de las dos especies más comúnmente usadas en la implementación de humedales artificiales. La construcción consistió en tres celdas de madera, impermeabilizadas con geomembrana y conectadas en serie. Un grupo de tres celdas albergaron Typhas, en un humedal superficial y el otro Phragmites en un humedal subsuperficial.
Ambas especies se desarrollaron, pero las Typhas se mostraron más lentas en su crecimiento.
Constructed wetlands represent an attractive alternative for the treatment of organic wastewater. However, there are questions about the design, construction and operation of these systems in the Central Zone of Chile. This work presents information based on a review of the state of the art and the construction of two prototypes artificial wetlands, surface and subsurface flow. An analysis of information concerning the construction, design and operation of constructed wetlands and the establishment of existing plants locally was made, highlighting some of the variables that influence the performance of a wetland, such as water depth and availability of oxygen who affecting the process of nitrification and denitrification. While some aspects and variables that affect the construction and design are: the topography, the residence time, root depth and height of water. Two wetland prototypes were constructed in order to achieve the establishment of the two most commonly species used in the implementation of artificial wetlands. The construction consists in three cells of wood, waterproofed with geomembrane and connected in series. A group of three boxes use Typhas and the other three boxes use Phragmites. Both species were developed, but Typhas showed slower growth.
Constructed wetlands represent an attractive alternative for the treatment of organic wastewater. However, there are questions about the design, construction and operation of these systems in the Central Zone of Chile. This work presents information based on a review of the state of the art and the construction of two prototypes artificial wetlands, surface and subsurface flow. An analysis of information concerning the construction, design and operation of constructed wetlands and the establishment of existing plants locally was made, highlighting some of the variables that influence the performance of a wetland, such as water depth and availability of oxygen who affecting the process of nitrification and denitrification. While some aspects and variables that affect the construction and design are: the topography, the residence time, root depth and height of water. Two wetland prototypes were constructed in order to achieve the establishment of the two most commonly species used in the implementation of artificial wetlands. The construction consists in three cells of wood, waterproofed with geomembrane and connected in series. A group of three boxes use Typhas and the other three boxes use Phragmites. Both species were developed, but Typhas showed slower growth.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Agrícola
Keywords
Humedales - Chile, Riego - Chile, Escorrentía - Chile, Riego por aspersión