Aplicación de tecnologías emergentes para el control de hongos en postcosecha de cerezas orgánicas cv. Sweet Heart
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Date
2023
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El ataque de hongos fitopatógenos en la postcosecha de cerezas es un problema inevitable en la industria agrícola, lo anterior recae de manera más compleja en la postcosecha de cerezas orgánicas. Lo orgánico se basa en prácticas sostenibles y libre de químicos que impide el uso de fungicidas en líneas de procesos, lo que conlleva a importantes pérdidas en la producción final. Con el propósito de abordar dicha problemática, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar de manera combinada tecnologías emergentes como: nanoburbujas, ultrasonido y luz ultravioleta para el control de hongos patógenos en cerezas orgánicas de la variedad Sweet heart inoculadas con Botrytis cinérea y Alternaria alternata aplicando tratamientos y una posterior evaluación en los días 0, 23 y 45.
Se evaluó la aplicación de dos paquetes tecnológicos, uno que incorpora la combinación de las tecnologías de nanoburbujas y ultrasonido, mientras que el segundo incorpora una combinación de las tecnologías de luz ultravioleta, nanoburbujas y ultrasonido. Ambos paquetes fueron aplicados en muestras de cerezas condicionadas a 0°C y 25°C. Los mismos al igual que el tratamiento convencional con fludioxonil no fueron efectivos para el control de hongos al día 0, ya que no lograron reducir la carga microbiana inicial presentes en las muestras.
Posteriormente, al día 23, el segundo paquete tecnológico bajo almacenamiento 0°C presento resultados similares o mejores a los tratamientos convencionales de fludioxonil, mientras que al día 45 la carga microbiológica en las muestras de ambos paquetes tecnológicos y tratamientos fueron elevadas y no permitió la contabilización.
La evaluación in-vitro de los aldehídos hexanal y 2-trans-hexenal en dosis de 10 y 20 μL para el control de Botrytis cinérea y Alternaria alternata, generaron una inhibición del 100% y la eliminación de estos patógenos durante un periodo entre 8 y 15 días.
The attack of phytopathogenic fungi during cherry postharvest is an inevitable issue in the agricultural industry. This becomes even more complex in the case of organic cherries. Organic farming relies on sustainable and chemical-free practices, which prohibit the use of fungicides in processing lines, resulting in significant losses in the final production. With the aim of addressing this problem, the objetive of this study was to evaluate combined emerging technologies such as nanobubbles, ultrasound, and ultraviolet light for the control of phytopathogenic fungi in organic “Sweet heart”, cherries inoculated with Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata. Treatments were applied, and subsequent evaluations were conducted on days 0, 23 and 45. Regarding the application of technological packages, one of them incorporated the combination of nanobubbles and ultrasound technologies, while the second included a combination of ultraviolet light, nanobubbles, and ultrasound. Both packages were applied to samples of cherries conditioned at 0°C and 25°C. None of the packages was effective in controlling fungi on day 0, as they did not reduce the initial microbial load present in the samples. Subsequently, on day 23, on samples conditioned at 0°C, similar results were obtained by the second technological package compared to conventional treatments with fludioxonil. The in-vitro evaluation of aldehydes hexanal and 2-trans-hexenal at doses of 10 and 20 μL for the control of Botrytis cinérea y Alternaria alternata resulted in a 100% inhibition and elimination of these pathogens over a period ranging from 8 to 15 days.
The attack of phytopathogenic fungi during cherry postharvest is an inevitable issue in the agricultural industry. This becomes even more complex in the case of organic cherries. Organic farming relies on sustainable and chemical-free practices, which prohibit the use of fungicides in processing lines, resulting in significant losses in the final production. With the aim of addressing this problem, the objetive of this study was to evaluate combined emerging technologies such as nanobubbles, ultrasound, and ultraviolet light for the control of phytopathogenic fungi in organic “Sweet heart”, cherries inoculated with Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata. Treatments were applied, and subsequent evaluations were conducted on days 0, 23 and 45. Regarding the application of technological packages, one of them incorporated the combination of nanobubbles and ultrasound technologies, while the second included a combination of ultraviolet light, nanobubbles, and ultrasound. Both packages were applied to samples of cherries conditioned at 0°C and 25°C. None of the packages was effective in controlling fungi on day 0, as they did not reduce the initial microbial load present in the samples. Subsequently, on day 23, on samples conditioned at 0°C, similar results were obtained by the second technological package compared to conventional treatments with fludioxonil. The in-vitro evaluation of aldehydes hexanal and 2-trans-hexenal at doses of 10 and 20 μL for the control of Botrytis cinérea y Alternaria alternata resulted in a 100% inhibition and elimination of these pathogens over a period ranging from 8 to 15 days.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Agroindustrial
Keywords
Cerezas, Hongos de plantas, Aldehídos