Diseño ingeniería básica proyecto biodigestor Caleta La Barra.
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Date
2026
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
La caleta La Barra enfrenta problemas ambientales derivados del vertido directo de residuos orgánicos de la pesca artesanal en el río Toltén, generando malos olores y aumento de carga orgánica en el ecosistema. Para abordar esta situación, la presente memoria desarrolla el diseño e ingeniería de detalle de una planta de biodigestión anaerobia destinada a valorizar los residuos orgánicos de la comunidad y producir biogás como fuente de energía renovable.
Se identificaron y cuantificaron residuos provenientes de vísceras de salmón, róbalo, restaurantes y hogares, estableciendo cuatro escenarios de disponibilidad entre 9.3 y 44.5 toneladas anuales. Estos permiten generar entre 162 y 331 𝑘𝑔 equivalentes de GLP por mes, además de 28 a 76 𝑚³ anuales de fertilizante orgánico.
El sistema diseñado incorpora dos digestores: un biodigestor tipo Cubo para pretratamiento del sustrato y un biodigestor Pulmón Flexible, que combina digestión y almacenamiento de biogás en una sola unidad, optimizando espacio y operación. A ello se suma un sistema de calefacción que integra colectores solares y un termo a biogás especialmente diseñado, asegurando condiciones mesofílicas estables.
La inversión inicial del proyecto es de $20,020,000, mientras que el costo de operación anual asciende a $869,406. El flujo de caja a diez años, basado en los ahorros por sustitución de GLP, demuestra que el sistema genera beneficios económicos netos desde el primer año de operación.
Además de su viabilidad técnica y económica, la planta reduce impactos ambientales, mejora las condiciones sanitarias de la caleta y promueve el manejo sostenible de residuos, posicionándose como una solución efectiva y replicable para comunidades costeras de pequeña escala.
La Barra Cove faces environmental issues resulting from the direct discharge of organic waste from artisanal fishing into the Toltén River, causing unpleasant odors and increasing the organic load in the ecosystem. To address this situation, this thesis develops the design and detailed engineering of an anaerobic biodigestion plant aimed at valorizing the community’s organic waste and producing biogas as a renewable energy source. Organic residues from salmon viscera, robalo viscera, restaurants, and households were identified and quantified, establishing four availability scenarios ranging from 9.3 to 44.5 tons per year. These scenarios enable the generation of between 162 and 331 𝑘𝑔 of LPG-equivalent per month, along with 28 to 76 𝑚³ of organic fertilizer annually. The proposed system incorporates two digesters: a Cube-type biodigester for substrate pretreatment and a Flexible Lung biodigester, which combines digestion and biogas storage within a single unit, optimizing both space and operation. Additionally, a heating system integrating solar collectors and a biogas-powered water heater ensures stable mesophilic conditions. The project’s initial investment amounts to CLP $20,020,000, while annual operating costs total CLP $869,406. The ten-year cash flow analysis, based on savings from LPG substitution, shows that the system generates net economic benefits from the first year of operation. Beyond its technical and economic feasibility, the plant reduces environmental impacts, improves sanitary conditions in the cove, and promotes sustainable waste management, positioning it as an effective and replicable solution for small-scale coastal communities.
La Barra Cove faces environmental issues resulting from the direct discharge of organic waste from artisanal fishing into the Toltén River, causing unpleasant odors and increasing the organic load in the ecosystem. To address this situation, this thesis develops the design and detailed engineering of an anaerobic biodigestion plant aimed at valorizing the community’s organic waste and producing biogas as a renewable energy source. Organic residues from salmon viscera, robalo viscera, restaurants, and households were identified and quantified, establishing four availability scenarios ranging from 9.3 to 44.5 tons per year. These scenarios enable the generation of between 162 and 331 𝑘𝑔 of LPG-equivalent per month, along with 28 to 76 𝑚³ of organic fertilizer annually. The proposed system incorporates two digesters: a Cube-type biodigester for substrate pretreatment and a Flexible Lung biodigester, which combines digestion and biogas storage within a single unit, optimizing both space and operation. Additionally, a heating system integrating solar collectors and a biogas-powered water heater ensures stable mesophilic conditions. The project’s initial investment amounts to CLP $20,020,000, while annual operating costs total CLP $869,406. The ten-year cash flow analysis, based on savings from LPG substitution, shows that the system generates net economic benefits from the first year of operation. Beyond its technical and economic feasibility, the plant reduces environmental impacts, improves sanitary conditions in the cove, and promotes sustainable waste management, positioning it as an effective and replicable solution for small-scale coastal communities.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero/a Civil Mecánico/a.
Keywords
Aguas servidas Purificación Tratamiento anaeróbico, Aprovechamiento de desechos, Desechos orgánicos, Biogas