Síntesis de antecedentes históricos sobre aluviones e inundaciones en la cuenca del Río Copiapó y su efecto ambiental
Loading...
Date
2019
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El estudio del comportamiento de una cuenca hidrográfica, enfocado no solo a su área de drenaje, sino también a los factores antrópicos afectados por sus cuerpos de agua, puede ser de utilidad al momento de determinar que componentes podrían afectar la salud de la población luego de un aluvión. Mediante el presente escrito se muestra una breve recopilación de información histórica referente a eventos aluvionales e inundaciones, mayormente enfocada al evento que afectó a la cuenca del río Copiapó entre los días 24 y 26 de marzo del 2015. La observación de este evento en particular, permite obtener un referente con respecto a la cantidad máxima de precipitaciones y flujos que pueden afectar a las localidades que se encuentran en las confluencias. El análisis basado en Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG), mediante la utilización del programa Arcgis, proporciona una visión más detallada de los medios naturales y la ubicación de factores antrópicos, además de la localización de lugares de muestreo realizados por SERNAGEOMIN luego de la catástrofe. Como resultado de estos análisis se obtienen archivos de ubicación con valores de interés (pre y post evento de 2 aluvión) en sus tablas de atributos, valores como; pendientes y cotas de altura, se logra también obtener la ubicación y área disponible de lugares en que sería más apropiado depositar los flujos de barro extraídos desde las calles y casas, ya que estos probablemente contengan desechos mineros y desechos provenientes desde los sistemas de alcantarillado, que podrían dispersarse como material particulado una vez seco el depósito. La georreferenciación de factores naturales y antrópicos pertenecientes a la cuenca en estudio, puede ser una herramienta útil para la ubicación de lugares de interés antes y después de un aluvión, de esta forma se hace posible una mejor toma de decisiones.
The study of the behavior of a watershed, focused not only on its drainage area, but also on the anthropic factors affected by its bodies of water, can be useful when determining which components could affect the health of the population after an alluvium by means of the present document a brief compilation of historical information referring to alluvial events and floods is shown, mainly focused on the event that affected the Copiapó river basin between the 24th and the 26th of March 2015. The observation of this particular event, it allows obtaining a reference with respect to the maximum amount of rainfall and flows that can affect the localities that are in the confluences. The analysis based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS), through the use of the Arcgis program, provides a more detailed view of the natural environments and the location of anthropic factors, as well as the location of sampling places carried out by SERNAGEOMIN after the catastrophe. As a result of these analyzes, location files with values of interest (pre and post alluvial event) are obtained in their attribute tables, values such as; earrings and heights of height, it is also possible to obtain the location and available area of places where it would be more appropriate to deposit the mud flows extracted from the streets and houses, since these probably contain mining waste and waste coming from the sewage systems, that could disperse as particulate material once the material is dry. The georeferencing of natural and anthropic factors belonging to the basin under study can be a useful tool for the location of places of interest before and after a flood, in this way a better decision making is possible.
The study of the behavior of a watershed, focused not only on its drainage area, but also on the anthropic factors affected by its bodies of water, can be useful when determining which components could affect the health of the population after an alluvium by means of the present document a brief compilation of historical information referring to alluvial events and floods is shown, mainly focused on the event that affected the Copiapó river basin between the 24th and the 26th of March 2015. The observation of this particular event, it allows obtaining a reference with respect to the maximum amount of rainfall and flows that can affect the localities that are in the confluences. The analysis based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS), through the use of the Arcgis program, provides a more detailed view of the natural environments and the location of anthropic factors, as well as the location of sampling places carried out by SERNAGEOMIN after the catastrophe. As a result of these analyzes, location files with values of interest (pre and post alluvial event) are obtained in their attribute tables, values such as; earrings and heights of height, it is also possible to obtain the location and available area of places where it would be more appropriate to deposit the mud flows extracted from the streets and houses, since these probably contain mining waste and waste coming from the sewage systems, that could disperse as particulate material once the material is dry. The georeferencing of natural and anthropic factors belonging to the basin under study can be a useful tool for the location of places of interest before and after a flood, in this way a better decision making is possible.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Ambiental
Keywords
Aluviones - Chile, Cuencas hidrográficas - Chile, Sistemas de información geográfica - Chile