El Problema de la tierras indígenas mapuches en el sur de Chile y la vía institucional propuesta para su resolución. ¿Incentivos perversos para el conflicto? El caso de la ley "Indígena" 19.253 en comunas de Gulumapu, año 1994 a 2021.
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
A lo largo de las décadas variedad de soluciones se han propuesto para el conflicto chileno-mapuche. Una de las más importantes ha consistido en la restitución de tierras antiguamente usurpadas. Entre los años 1994 a 2021 el Estado chileno vía Artículo 20 (incisos a y b) de la Ley “Indígena” 19.253 ha entregado 166.156 hectáreas a individuos o comunidades mapuches ubicadas entre los ríos Biobío y Toltén (Gulumapu). La lógica de su aplicación señalaría que de mayores transferencias de tierras menores incentivos se manejarían para el conflicto, no obstante tal premisa no ha sido corroborada de manera empírica. El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en describir el tipo de relación existente entre ambos fenómenos. Para dar cumplimiento a dicha meta en este estudio se analizaron bases de datos de acceso abierto aplicando técnicas estadísticas tanto descriptivas como bivariadas (Rho de Spearman). Los resultados alcanzados señalan una correlación positiva significativa, a lo largo de los años, entre mayores entregas de tierras y mayores eventos del conflicto chileno-mapuche. Tales hallazgos refutan la premisa sobre la cual descansa el Artículo 20 y van en directa relación con estudios previos en la materia, los cuales son críticos en cuanto a la aplicación del mismo.
Over the decades variety of solutions have been proposed for the Chilean-Mapuche conflict. One of the most important has consisted of the restitution of formerly usurped lands. Between the years 1994 to 2021 the Chilean State via Article 20 (subsections a and b) of the “Indigenous” Law 19.253 has delivered 166,156 hectares to Mapuche individuals or communities located between the Biobío and Toltén rivers (Gulumapu). The logic of its application would indicate that greater land transfers would result in fewer incentives for conflict, however this premise has not been empirically corroborated. The objective of this research was to describe the type of relationship between both phenomena. To achieve this goal open access databases were analyzed in this study using both descriptive and bivariate statistical techniques (Spearman's Rho). The results achieved indicate a significant positive correlation, over the years, between greater land deliveries and greater events of the Chilean-Mapuche conflict. Such findings refute the premise on which Article 20 rests and are directly related to previous studies on the matter, which are critical regarding its application.
Over the decades variety of solutions have been proposed for the Chilean-Mapuche conflict. One of the most important has consisted of the restitution of formerly usurped lands. Between the years 1994 to 2021 the Chilean State via Article 20 (subsections a and b) of the “Indigenous” Law 19.253 has delivered 166,156 hectares to Mapuche individuals or communities located between the Biobío and Toltén rivers (Gulumapu). The logic of its application would indicate that greater land transfers would result in fewer incentives for conflict, however this premise has not been empirically corroborated. The objective of this research was to describe the type of relationship between both phenomena. To achieve this goal open access databases were analyzed in this study using both descriptive and bivariate statistical techniques (Spearman's Rho). The results achieved indicate a significant positive correlation, over the years, between greater land deliveries and greater events of the Chilean-Mapuche conflict. Such findings refute the premise on which Article 20 rests and are directly related to previous studies on the matter, which are critical regarding its application.
Description
Tesis para optar al grado de Magister en Investigación Social y Desarrollo
Keywords
Mapuches, Indígenas