Caracterización de géneros de parásitos anisákidos presentes en merluza (Macruronus magellanicus) de importancia comercial en Chile mediante espectroscopía de infrarrojo medio (MIR) y cercano (NIR) en contraste con técnicas morfológicas y moleculares.
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Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Debido a la creciente popularidad de preparaciones con pescado crudo o poco cocido, el traspaso accidental de parásitos desde el pescado hacia el ser humano se ha convertido en una problemática de salud pública. Parásitos como los anisákidos pueden provocar una amplia gama de síntomas, dentro del cuadro clínico conocido como anisakidosis. Esta condición, sumada a enfermedades preexistentes o alergias, puede incluso derivar en intervenciones quirúrgicas. El desarrollo de técnicas moleculares ha sido clave en la clasificación y diferenciación de estos organismos. Sin embargo, se requiere seguir explorando e implementando metodologías que no sólo permitan su identificación taxonómica, sino que además sean rápidas, económicas y robustas, ideales para su aplicación en la industria pesquera, contribuyendo así a garantizar la inocuidad alimentaria. En este estudio, se propuso una estrategia analítica basada en espectroscopía MIR y Machine Learning para diferenciar géneros de la familia Anisakidae. Aunque la amplificación de ADN fue exitosa solo en una de las muestras, los análisis espectroscópicos permitieron observar diferencias químicas claras entre hospedador y parásitos, así como entre grupos de anisákidos, lo que sugiere un potencial uso de estas herramientas en la detección temprana de afectaciones debido a productos pesqueros.
Due to the increasing popularity of raw or undercooked fish preparations, the accidental transmission of parasites from fish to humans has become a relevant public health issue. Parasites such as anisakids can cause a wide range of symptoms collectively known as anisakidosis. In individuals with pre-existing conditions or allergies, this may even require surgical intervention. The development of molecular techniques has played a key role in the identification and classification of these organisms. However, it is still necessary to explore and expand alternative methodologies that are not only accurate but also fast, cost-effective, and robust enough for implementation in the fishing industry. This study proposes an analytical approach based on Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and machine learning to differentiate genera within the family Anisakidae. The preliminary results showed chemically distinguishable patterns between host and parasite tissues, and between two distinct groups of anisakids. These findings support the potential application of this technology for anisakid detection in fish meat.
Due to the increasing popularity of raw or undercooked fish preparations, the accidental transmission of parasites from fish to humans has become a relevant public health issue. Parasites such as anisakids can cause a wide range of symptoms collectively known as anisakidosis. In individuals with pre-existing conditions or allergies, this may even require surgical intervention. The development of molecular techniques has played a key role in the identification and classification of these organisms. However, it is still necessary to explore and expand alternative methodologies that are not only accurate but also fast, cost-effective, and robust enough for implementation in the fishing industry. This study proposes an analytical approach based on Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and machine learning to differentiate genera within the family Anisakidae. The preliminary results showed chemically distinguishable patterns between host and parasite tissues, and between two distinct groups of anisakids. These findings support the potential application of this technology for anisakid detection in fish meat.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Biólogo/a Marino/a.
Keywords
Merluza Parásitos, Recursos pesqueros, Espectroscopía infrarroja