Caracterización de la calidad de agua superficial y subterránea a lo largo del río Huasco
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Date
2023
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Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en caracterizar la cuenca del río Huasco en términos de la calidad de sus aguas superficiales y subterráneas. La metodología empleada consta un proceso de filtración de los parámetros obtenidos gracias a la Junta de Vigilancia del Río Huasco para representar de manera equitativa las campañas de monitoreo analizadas. Luego, se caracteriza longitudinalmente la cuenca del río Huasco con el fin de identificar las áreas con déficits o aumentos en algunos parámetros tales como pH, Temperatura, Solidos Disueltos Totales, parámetros inorgánicos y metálicos. Posteriormente, se lleva a cabo un índice de calidad para caracterizar las aguas en los puntos de monitoreo en distintas categorías.
Se encontró que los iones salinos son más abundantes en la parte media y baja de la cuenca, debido a la actividad agrícola, mientras que los parámetros metálicos predominan en la parte media y alta debido a la actividad minera. Gracias al índice de calidad implementado, se logró clasificar en general la calidad del agua superficial como "regular" y la calidad de las aguas subterráneas como "buena".
Este estudio resalta la importancia de comprender y mejorar la calidad del agua en las regiones áridas y semiáridas del norte de Chile, donde la escasez y las malas condiciones del agua son un desafío crucial.
The objective of this work is to characterize the Huasco river basin in terms of surface and groundwater quality. The methodology used consists of a filtering process of the parameters obtained thanks to the Junta de Vigilancia del Río Huasco to fairly represent the monitoring campaigns analyzed. Then, the Huasco River basin is characterized longitudinally in order to identify areas with deficits or increases in some parameters such as pH, temperature, total dissolved solids, inorganic and metallic parameters. Subsequently, a quality index is carried out to characterize the waters at the monitoring points in different categories. It was found that saline ions are more abundant in the middle and lower part of the basin, due to agricultural activity, while metallic parameters predominate in the middle and upper part due to mining activity. Thanks to the quality index implemented, surface water quality was generally classified as "fair" and groundwater quality as "good". This study highlights the importance of understanding and improving water quality in the arid and semi-arid regions of northern Chile, where water scarcity and poor water quality are the main causes of water shortages.
The objective of this work is to characterize the Huasco river basin in terms of surface and groundwater quality. The methodology used consists of a filtering process of the parameters obtained thanks to the Junta de Vigilancia del Río Huasco to fairly represent the monitoring campaigns analyzed. Then, the Huasco River basin is characterized longitudinally in order to identify areas with deficits or increases in some parameters such as pH, temperature, total dissolved solids, inorganic and metallic parameters. Subsequently, a quality index is carried out to characterize the waters at the monitoring points in different categories. It was found that saline ions are more abundant in the middle and lower part of the basin, due to agricultural activity, while metallic parameters predominate in the middle and upper part due to mining activity. Thanks to the quality index implemented, surface water quality was generally classified as "fair" and groundwater quality as "good". This study highlights the importance of understanding and improving water quality in the arid and semi-arid regions of northern Chile, where water scarcity and poor water quality are the main causes of water shortages.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero Civil Agrícola
Keywords
Calidad del agua, Riego