Explorando la biodiversidad de anfípodos (Crustacea: peracarida) en los arrecifes de la Isla Robinson Crusoe, Archipiélago de Juan Fernández.
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Date
2025
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Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
El Archipiélago de Juan Fernández se caracteriza por su alto nivel de endemismo y biodiversidad, sin embargo, la mayoría de los estudios han sido enfocados en megafauna (> 5cm), con escasa información en grupos de menor tamaño que forman parte fundamental de estos arrecifes costeros. Dentro de esta fauna criptica, bacterias, hongos, algas, invertebrados (e.g. estadios tempranos, macrobentos emergente) y vertebrados (i.e. estadios tempranos de peces), juegan un importante rol debido a su elevada abundancia y biodiversidad. Dentro de estos organismos crípticos, la fauna de anfípodos de Chile continental ha sido estudiada desde diferentes perspectivas desde el año 1888, sin embargo, estudios de las especies que habitan en las islas oceánicas chilenas han sido escasos, comenzando desde las primeras expediciones de diversidad en estas islas (1871 a 1966).
En el presente trabajo, se presenta información actualizada sobre la diversidad de familias de anfípodos bentónicos obtenidas desde colectas realizadas por medio de atracción por luz en la Isla Robinson Crusoe en los años 2017 y 2018 en cuatro sitios cercanos a Bahía Cumberland: Sal si puedes, Adriático, El Faro y Pangal. Por medio de análisis morfológicos se realizaron caracterizaciones al nivel taxonómico lo más bajo posible, para luego validar la información por medio de ADN barcoding. El objetivo de este trabajo fue generar una actualización de información de biodiversidad de anfípodos bentónicos del archipiélago de Juan Fernández.
Por medio de análisis morfológicos se logró identificar un total de 12 morfotipos pertenecientes a 9 familias: Ischyroceridae, Dexaminidae, Hyalidae, Podoceridae, Stenotoidae, Pontogeneiidae, Corophiidae, Aoridae y Nihotungidae, siendo Aoridae, Dexaminidae y Podoceridae las más abundantes. Nihotungidae resultó ser la más rara de estas. Del total de morfotipos, ocho pudieron ser evaluados por medio de ADN barcoding, resultando en 3 coincidencias a nivel de familia (Ischyroceridae, Aoridae y Corophiidae) y sólo una a nivel de especie (Familia Corophiidae; Monocorophium acherusium). En general dos de estas familias ya habían sido registradas para el AJF (Ischyroceridae, Aoridae), mientras que una familia (Corophiidae) corresponde a un nuevo registro para el área de estudio. Todas estas familias también presentan registros en Chile Continental, Perú y Pacífico Sudeste.
Los resultados de este estudio contribuyen a generar una actualización de la fauna de anfípodos bentónicos presentes en la isla Robinson Crusoe, lo cual es relevante para una mejor comprensión de patrones de biodiversidad y endemismo de especies presentes en esta reserva de la biosfera.
The Juan Fernández Archipelago is known by its high level of endemism and biodiversity. However, most studies have primarily focused on megafauna (> 5 cm), leaving a gap in knowledge about smaller groups that are essential to coastal reefs. Within this cryptic fauna, bacteria, fungi, algae, invertebrates (i.e. early life stages, emerging macrobenthos) and invertebrates (i.e. early stages of fish) play an important role due to their high abundance and biodiversity. Among these cryptic organisms, the amphipod fauna of continental Chile has been studied from different perspectives since 1888. However, studies of the species inhabiting the Chilean oceanic islands have been scarce since the first diversity expeditions to these islands (1871 to 1966) (Robazcylo & Castilla, 1987). This work presents updated information on the diversity of benthic amphipod families obtained from light trap collections on Robinson Crusoe Island (2017 and 2018) at four sites near Cumberland Bay: Sal si puedes, Adriático, El Faro, and Pangal. Morphological analyses were used to identify specimens to the lowest possible taxonomic lever, and the data was subsequently validated using DNA barcoding. The aim of this research is to enhance our understanding of the biodiversity of benthic amphipods in the Juan Fernández Archipelago. Through morphological analysis, a total of 12 morphotypes from 9 families were identified: Ischyroceridae, Dexaminidae, Hyalidae, Podoceridae, Stenotoidae, Pontogeneiidae, Corophiidae, Aoridae, and Nihotungidae. Among these, Aoridae, Dexaminidae, and Podoceridae were the most abundant, while Nihotungidae was the rarest. Out of the identified morphotypes, 8 were suitable for evaluation using DNA barcoding. This process yielded 3 matches at the family level (Ischyroceridae, Aoridae, and Corophiidae) and only 1 match at the species level (Family Corophiidae; Monocorophium acherusium). Notably, two of the identified families (Ischyroceridae, Aoridae) had already been recorded for the AJF, while the family Corophiidae represents a new record for the study area. All these families also have documented occurrences in mainland Chile, Peru, and the Southeast Pacific. These results of this study contribute to updating the fauna of benthic amphipods present on Robinson Crusoe Island, which is relevant for a better understanding of biodiversity patterns and species endemism in this biosphere reserve.
The Juan Fernández Archipelago is known by its high level of endemism and biodiversity. However, most studies have primarily focused on megafauna (> 5 cm), leaving a gap in knowledge about smaller groups that are essential to coastal reefs. Within this cryptic fauna, bacteria, fungi, algae, invertebrates (i.e. early life stages, emerging macrobenthos) and invertebrates (i.e. early stages of fish) play an important role due to their high abundance and biodiversity. Among these cryptic organisms, the amphipod fauna of continental Chile has been studied from different perspectives since 1888. However, studies of the species inhabiting the Chilean oceanic islands have been scarce since the first diversity expeditions to these islands (1871 to 1966) (Robazcylo & Castilla, 1987). This work presents updated information on the diversity of benthic amphipod families obtained from light trap collections on Robinson Crusoe Island (2017 and 2018) at four sites near Cumberland Bay: Sal si puedes, Adriático, El Faro, and Pangal. Morphological analyses were used to identify specimens to the lowest possible taxonomic lever, and the data was subsequently validated using DNA barcoding. The aim of this research is to enhance our understanding of the biodiversity of benthic amphipods in the Juan Fernández Archipelago. Through morphological analysis, a total of 12 morphotypes from 9 families were identified: Ischyroceridae, Dexaminidae, Hyalidae, Podoceridae, Stenotoidae, Pontogeneiidae, Corophiidae, Aoridae, and Nihotungidae. Among these, Aoridae, Dexaminidae, and Podoceridae were the most abundant, while Nihotungidae was the rarest. Out of the identified morphotypes, 8 were suitable for evaluation using DNA barcoding. This process yielded 3 matches at the family level (Ischyroceridae, Aoridae, and Corophiidae) and only 1 match at the species level (Family Corophiidae; Monocorophium acherusium). Notably, two of the identified families (Ischyroceridae, Aoridae) had already been recorded for the AJF, while the family Corophiidae represents a new record for the study area. All these families also have documented occurrences in mainland Chile, Peru, and the Southeast Pacific. These results of this study contribute to updating the fauna of benthic amphipods present on Robinson Crusoe Island, which is relevant for a better understanding of biodiversity patterns and species endemism in this biosphere reserve.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Biólogo/a en Marino/a.
Keywords
Anfípodos, Animales bentónicos, Morfología (Biología), Biodiversidad, Archipiélagos