Valorización en base a fucoxantina de descartes de la macroalga parda Lessonia spicata en la industria de los hidrocoloides como alternativa a la microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum para su potencial uso como antioxidante en la industria nutracéutica.
Loading...
Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Concepción
Abstract
Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) representan el 85% de las muertes en Chile y están asociadas al estrés oxidativo (EO) causado por radicales libres (RL) y especies reactivas de oxígeno (EROs). Ante la baja adherencia a terapias farmacológicas, se ha propuesto un enfoque nutricional basado en el consumo de compuestos bioactivos antioxidantes, destacando las algas como fuente potencial. La fucoxantina, un carotenoide presente en algas pardas, posee propiedades antioxidantes con capacidad para eliminar RL; sin embargo, su extracción es compleja debido a variaciones en el rendimiento y dificultades en su síntesis química. Este estudio evaluó la eficiencia de diferentes métodos de secado y extracción de fucoxantina a partir de la macroalga parda Lessonia spicata, con el fin de optimizar su recuperación y valorización dentro de la industria de biorefinería de macroalgas. Se recolectó y procesó L. spicata, aplicando diversas técnicas de secado (aire caliente, deshidratación, vacío y liofilización) en comparación con el secado industrial al sol. Posteriormente, se simuló la biomasa residual derivada del proceso de extracción de alginato de sodio y se sometió a tres métodos de extracción de fucoxantina: maceración dinámica, Soxhlet y fluidos supercríticos (SFE). La capacidad antioxidante de los extractos se evaluó mediante ensayos DPPH, ABTS y FRAP.
Los resultados indicaron que el secado por deshidratación a 40°C fue el más eficiente (272,21 ± 28,64 ugFx gBS-1; p< 0.01), superando significativamente la metodología industrial (100,40 ± 39,72 ugFx gBS-1). El residuo prototipo permitió extraer un 17,32% de alginato en 80 g de biomasa seca, comparado con el 24,4% de la metodología industrial. La extracción mediante SFE fue la más eficaz, obteniendo 30,187 ug gBS-1 de fucoxantina valorizables en 1006 cápsulas desde residuos industriales y 47,66 ± 9,64 ug gBS-1 en 1589 cápsulas desde el prototipo. En cuanto a la actividad antioxidante, el residuo industrial mostró mayor capacidad en DPPH (273,44 µM TE) y ABTS (107,19 µM TE), mientras que el prototipo SFE presentó mayor capacidad reductora en FRAP (202,28 µM TE) frente a la biomasa residual industrial (180,16 µM TE) y mayor capacidad en general en comparación con la cepa nativa de P. tricornutum (62,14 ± 13,51 µM TE en DPPH; 11,95 ± 4,01 µM TE en ABTS; 31,33 ± 1,53 µM TE en FRAP) y la su cepa sobreproductora (62,64 ± 9,17 µM TE en DPPH; 12,28 ± 1,09 µM TE en ABTS; 27,67 ± 3,06 µM TE en FRAP). Se concluye que, aunque L. spicata presenta menor contenido de fucoxantina que Phaeodactylum tricornutum, su potencial antioxidante es superior, lo que la posiciona como una alternativa viable para su aprovechamiento en la industria nutracéutica.
Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) account for 85% of deaths in Chile and are associated with oxidative stress (OS) caused by free radicals (FR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Due to low adherence to pharmacological therapies, a nutritional approach based on the consumption of bioactive antioxidant compounds has been proposed, highlighting algae as a potential source. Fucoxanthin, a carotenoid present in brown algae, has antioxidant properties capable of eliminating FR; however, its extraction is complex due to variations in yield and difficulties in its chemical synthesis. This study evaluated the efficiency of different drying and extraction methods for fucoxanthin from the brown macroalga Lessonia spicata, aiming to optimize its recovery and valorization within the macroalgae biorefinery industry. L. spicata was collected and processed using various drying techniques (hot air, dehydration, vacuum, and lyophilization) compared to industrial sun drying. Subsequently, the residual biomass derived from the sodium alginate extraction process was simulated and subjected to three fucoxanthin extraction methods: dynamic maceration, Soxhlet, and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The results indicated that dehydration drying at 40°C was the most efficient method (272.21 ± 28.64 ugFx gBS-1; p< 0.01), significantly surpassing the industrial methodology (100.40 ± 39.72 ugFx gBS-1). The prototype residue enabled the extraction of 17.32% alginate from 80 g of dry biomass, compared to 24.4% in the industrial methodology. SFE was the most effective extraction method, obtaining 30.187 ug gBS-1 of fucoxanthin, which could be valued in 1006 capsules from industrial residues and 47.66 ± 9.64 ug gBS-1 in 1589 capsules from the prototype. Regarding antioxidant activity, the industrial residue showed higher capacity in DPPH (273.44 µM TE) and ABTS (107.19 µM TE), while the SFE prototype exhibited higher reducing capacity in FRAP (202.28 µM TE) compared to industrial residual biomass (180.16 µM TE) and overall higher capacity compared to the native strain of P. tricornutum (62.14 ± 13.51 µM TE in DPPH; 11.95 ± 4.01 µM TE in ABTS; 31.33 ± 1.53 µM TE in FRAP) and its overproducing strain (62.64 ± 9.17 µM TE in DPPH; 12.28 ± 1.09 µM TE in ABTS; 27.67 ± 3.06 µM TE in FRAP). It is concluded that, although L. spicata has a lower fucoxanthin content than Phaeodactylum tricornutum, its antioxidant potential is superior, positioning it as a viable alternative for utilization in the nutraceutical industry.
Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) account for 85% of deaths in Chile and are associated with oxidative stress (OS) caused by free radicals (FR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Due to low adherence to pharmacological therapies, a nutritional approach based on the consumption of bioactive antioxidant compounds has been proposed, highlighting algae as a potential source. Fucoxanthin, a carotenoid present in brown algae, has antioxidant properties capable of eliminating FR; however, its extraction is complex due to variations in yield and difficulties in its chemical synthesis. This study evaluated the efficiency of different drying and extraction methods for fucoxanthin from the brown macroalga Lessonia spicata, aiming to optimize its recovery and valorization within the macroalgae biorefinery industry. L. spicata was collected and processed using various drying techniques (hot air, dehydration, vacuum, and lyophilization) compared to industrial sun drying. Subsequently, the residual biomass derived from the sodium alginate extraction process was simulated and subjected to three fucoxanthin extraction methods: dynamic maceration, Soxhlet, and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The results indicated that dehydration drying at 40°C was the most efficient method (272.21 ± 28.64 ugFx gBS-1; p< 0.01), significantly surpassing the industrial methodology (100.40 ± 39.72 ugFx gBS-1). The prototype residue enabled the extraction of 17.32% alginate from 80 g of dry biomass, compared to 24.4% in the industrial methodology. SFE was the most effective extraction method, obtaining 30.187 ug gBS-1 of fucoxanthin, which could be valued in 1006 capsules from industrial residues and 47.66 ± 9.64 ug gBS-1 in 1589 capsules from the prototype. Regarding antioxidant activity, the industrial residue showed higher capacity in DPPH (273.44 µM TE) and ABTS (107.19 µM TE), while the SFE prototype exhibited higher reducing capacity in FRAP (202.28 µM TE) compared to industrial residual biomass (180.16 µM TE) and overall higher capacity compared to the native strain of P. tricornutum (62.14 ± 13.51 µM TE in DPPH; 11.95 ± 4.01 µM TE in ABTS; 31.33 ± 1.53 µM TE in FRAP) and its overproducing strain (62.64 ± 9.17 µM TE in DPPH; 12.28 ± 1.09 µM TE in ABTS; 27.67 ± 3.06 µM TE in FRAP). It is concluded that, although L. spicata has a lower fucoxanthin content than Phaeodactylum tricornutum, its antioxidant potential is superior, positioning it as a viable alternative for utilization in the nutraceutical industry.
Description
Tesis presentada para optar al título de Ingeniero/a en Biotecnología Marina y Acuicultura.
Keywords
Algas marinas, Alimentos funcionales, Antioxidantes